长沙走马楼东吴竹简蚀斑微生物的研究

竹简为我国古代早期文字记录的一种重要载体。湖南长沙竹简博物馆珍藏了一大批走马楼出土的三国时期东吴竹简,具有极为重要的史料价值。以吴简为材料,从竹简中分离微生物,获得10株细菌纯培养,并对这些分离菌株进行多相分类学鉴定。根据其培养特征、生理生化特性、细胞脂肪酸组份的测定以及部份菌株16S rRNA基因序列分析,将10个菌株划归为4个属。这些菌株可作为进一步探讨竹制品文物的微生物腐蚀提供有价值的材料。

Study on Erosive Microorganisms of the Bamboo Slips Unearthed from Zoumalou,Changsha,China

Bamboo slip was an important material for recording literature during the ancient times in China. A large number of the bamboo slips of Kingdom Wu during the Three-Kingdoms Period, unearthed from Zoumalou, have been stored in Bamboo Slips Museum of Changsha, Hunan Province, China. The bamboo slips are rare cultural relic for studying Chinese history. Erosive spots were found in the bamboo slips in the stored period, and the spots had spread rapidly. To understand the causation of bamboo slips eroded, we investigated relation between the spots and microorganisms. In this study, 10 strains were isolated from the erosive spots of the bamboo slips. The isolated strains were identified based on morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics, components of fatty acids, and 16S rRNA gene sequences of four representative strains were analyzed. The taxonomic positions of 10 strains in Bacteria Domain were confirmed. These isolated strains were divided into four different genera. Caustic phenomenon was observed when the strain Be-2 was inoculated on the surface of the bamboo scrap by reverse test. Our results show that bacteria were a crucial factor to cause erosive spots in the bamboo slips. It provides a useful basic for storing unearthed bamboo slips to protect the slips against damage from microorganisms.