微生物菌剂对秸秆降解及秸秆中微生物变化规律的影响

为明确不同微生物菌剂对秸秆降解率及秸秆降解过程中秸秆周围微生物变化规律的影响，在温室大棚内进行不同微生物菌剂降解秸秆试验。以玉米秸秆为基质，设玉米秸秆（对照组）、玉米秸秆+哈茨木霉（Trichoderma harzianum）（处理1）、玉米秸秆+哈茨木霉+地衣芽胞杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)（处理2）三个处理。研究结果显示，单独用哈茨木霉处理可显著提高秸秆降解率，前期作用尤其明显；在秸秆降解的前30 d，秸秆降解率与秸秆中可培养真菌、细菌、放线菌呈显著正相关。不同微生物菌剂对秸秆中可培养微生物数量变化有显著影响，单独接种哈茨木霉后，秸秆中可培养真菌、细菌、放线菌数在前30 d显著高于对照组和混合菌剂处理，不同处理可培养活菌数均在90～120 d达到峰值，然后开始下降。研究结果表明，不同微生物菌剂对秸秆降解有显著影响，单独用哈茨木霉处理可显著提高秸秆降解率；不同处理对秸秆中可培养真菌、细菌、放线菌的影响有显著差异。可为秸秆降解与微生物相关性研究提供参考。

Effect of Microbial Preparation on the Degradation and Number of Microbiology of the Straw

In order to clarify the impact of different microbial preparations on the degradation rate of straw and the changes in microorganisms around straw during the degradation process, experiments were conducted on straw degradation using different microbial preparations in a greenhouse facility. Using corn straw as the substrate, three treatments were set up in the experiment, namely corn straw (control group), corn straw+Trichoderma harzianum (treatment 1), and corn straw+T. harzianum+Bacillus licheniformis (treatment 2).The research results show that treating T. harzianum alone can significantly improve the degradation rate of straw, especially in the early stage. In the first 30 days of straw degradation, there is a significant positive correlation between the straw degradation rate and the culturable fungi, bacteria, and actinomycetes growing in the straw. Different microbial preparations have a significant impact on the changes in the number of cultivable microorganisms in straw. When T. harzianum was inoculated separately, the number of cultivable fungi, bacteria, and actinomycetes in straw was significantly higher in the first 30 days than in the control group and mixed bacterial treatment. The number of cultivable viable bacteria in different treatments reached its peak at 90-120 days and then began to decline. The research results indicated that different microbial preparations have a significant impact on straw degradation, and treatment with T. harzianum alone can significantly increase the rate of straw degradation. The effects of different treatments on cultivable fungi, bacteria, and actinomycetes in straw are also significantly different.