拉鲁湿地自然保护区放线菌组成分析及生物活性测定

探究拉鲁湿地自然保护区的放线菌组成及其抑菌和酶活性，为放线菌新药物先导化合物和高活性酶的筛选提供资源。从拉鲁湿地自然保护区不同土壤类型、不同优势植被采集25份土样。用分散差速离心法分离了拉鲁湿地中温放线菌和低温放线菌。从中温放线菌中选择15株代表菌株进行了初步分类鉴定。采用打孔法检测了其对2株细菌和4株病原真菌的抑菌活性。结果表明：（1）拉鲁湿地放线菌数量从水生环境向陆地生态系统递增，中温放线菌数量显著多于低温放线菌；（2）拉鲁湿地土壤中分离到链霉菌属、小单孢菌属、诺卡氏菌属、马杜拉菌属、小链孢菌属5个放线菌属。其中以链霉菌属和小单孢菌属为优势属。链霉菌属以金色类群、白孢类群和粉红孢类群为主，小单孢菌分离到黄橙类群和黑褐类群；（3）供试菌株分解纤维素能力较强，分解蛋白质活性较低，具有抗菌活性的菌株很少，且抗菌活性较弱；（4）供试菌株耐毒性物质的能力较强。这些菌可用于毒害有机物污染物的处理。

Diversity and Bioactivity Analysis of Actinomycetes Isolated from Lhalu Wetland Nature Reserve

To obtain new pharmaceuticals and enzymes with high activity, we studied the composition as well as antimicrobial and enzyme activities of aetinomycetes in Lhalu wetland aetinomyeetes. Using dispersion and differential eentrifugation,we isolated mesophilie and. psyehrophilie aetinomycetes from 25 soil samples collected from areas with different soil type and dominated vegetation in Lhalu wetland. Fifteen representative isolates were identified by normal methods. Antimicrobial activities against two bacteria and four plant pathogenic fungi were tested using agar well diffu- sion method. We test some enzyme activities of mesophilie actinomyeetes. The results showed that ： （ 1 ） The number of actinomycetes increased from aquatic environment to terrestrial ecosystem. The number of Mesophilie aetinomyetes iso- lated was significantly more than Psychrophilie aetinomyeetes. （2） These aetinomyeetes from Lhalu Wetland were attributed to 5 genus as Stretomyces,Micromonospora,Norcardia, etc. Stretomyces and Micromonospora were dominant. Aureus,Albaeores and Roseosporus was dominant in Stretomyces,Aurantiacus and Nigerofuseus were isolated from Micromonospora. （3） Ability of decomposing cellulose was stronger than protein by the strains tested. Few of the strains tested has weak antibacterial activity. （4） The strains tested have strong ability of resisting toxic substances, these can be used to disposal poisonous organic pollutants.