Genetic variation of liverleaf (Hepatica nobilis Schreb.) in Bavaria against the background of seed transfer guidelines in forestry and restoration |
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| Institution: | 1. University of Tartu, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia;2. Estonian Environmental Research Centre, Marja 4d, 10617 Tallinn, Estonia;3. Tallinn Botanic Garden, Kloostrimetsa tee 52, 11913 Tallinn, Estonia;4. Estonian Environment Agency, Rõõmu tee 2, 51013 Tartu, Estonia;1. Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Institut d’écologie et des sciences de l’environnement (IEES), Paris, France;2. Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, Centre de recherche en écologie expérimentale et prédictive (CEREEP-Ecotron IleDeFrance), UMS 3194, 78 rue du château, 77140 Saint-Pierre-les-Nemours, France;3. Sorbonne Universités, Paris-Sorbonne Univ Paris 04, ESPE de l''académie de Paris, Paris, France;1. Department of Botany, Udai Pratap Autonomous Post Graduate Institution, Bhojubir, Varanasi, U.P. 221 002, India;2. Division of Crop Improvements, ICAR – Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, P. B. No. 5001, P.O. BHU, Varanasi, U.P. 221 005, India;3. Division of Crop Protection, ICAR – Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, P. B. No. 5001, P.O. BHU, Varanasi, U.P. 221 005, India;1. The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK;2. NIVA, Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway;3. Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066 Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway |
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| Abstract: | The liver leaf, Hepatica nobilis (Ranunculaceae), is a perennial forest understory herb with specific habitat requirements, which occurs on calcareous soils in beech and oak forests. In Bavaria it can be found, therefore, only in four geographic regions, which are Franconia, the Franconian-Swabian Jura, the prealpine transitions region and the prealpine moraine belt with the Alps. In German forestry, provenance delineations are used since 1987. Similarly for herbs seed provenances and production areas are applied in commercial seed production and restoration. In this study we analyzed whether the genetic variation of H. nobilis reflects the geographic distribution of the species in Bavaria or the provenance delineations used for seed production.We applied AFLPs to study genetic variation within and between 24 populations of H. nobilis.Our analysis revealed high levels of genetic variation within and moderate variation between populations. Variation between seed production areas and seed provenances was low and comparable to the variation between geographic regions. Genetic variation within populations or rare fragments did not differ between production areas, provenances or geographic regions. A significant positive relation of genetic and geographic distances was present within 100 km.Pollination and seed dispersal seem mainly to happen within populations of the myrmecochorous H. nobilis, whereas long-distance dispersal is presumably occasional and random. Our study supports the relevance of dispersal traits for seed collections used in conservation. The protection of historically old beech and oak forests is exceedingly important to preserve the genetic variation of H. nobilis in Bavaria. |
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| Keywords: | AFLPs Beech forest Myrmecochory Seed provenances Understory herb |
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