Large effective population sizes and high levels of gene flow between subpopulations of Lilium cernuum (Liliaceae) |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Biology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Biology and the Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea;1. Electronics and Photonics Research Institutes, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan;2. Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan;1. Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, C. Escolar, C. Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510 Mexico, D. F, Mexico;2. Instituto de Química, C. Exterior, C. Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510 Mexico, D. F, Mexico;1. NSSE, NIE, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616, Singapore;2. School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore;1. Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;2. College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China |
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Abstract: | The Baekdudaegan, a mountain range that runs north to south along the Korean Peninsula, has been suggested to harbor important glacial refugia for boreal and temperate plant species. A series of allozyme-based genetic studies supports this trend. A large effective population size (Ne) is suggested as one of major factors contributing to maintaining moderate or high levels of within-population genetic variation in these plant species. To test this hypothesis, we examined the levels and patterns of allozyme diversity, tested recent bottlenecks, and estimated recent migration rates in 10 subpopulations (collected within a distance of ca. 640 m) of the boreal Lilium cernuum at Mt. Deokhang, in the central part of the Baekdudaegan. We found high levels of within-population genetic variation as well as a low between-population genetic differentiation (He = 0.206 and FST = 0.019). Based on the FST estimate and mean recent migration rate, we approximately calculated a total effective population size of 508 across 10 subpopulations. Consistent with this, we found no evidence of recent bottlenecks in the subpopulations. This study reveals that subpopulations of L. cernuum at Mt. Deokhang are effectively large (on the order of hundreds), and that high levels of gene flow occur among them, probably due to the species' high potential for seed dispersal. These demographic and life-history traits, coupled with its high levels of genetic diversity, suggests that this cold-adapted species would have found large refugial areas in these mountains (i.e., macrorefugia) during the Last Glacial Maximum. |
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Keywords: | Allozyme diversity Conservation Effective population size Glacial refugium Main Korean mountain range |
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