Isoetin and its derivatives: Analytics,chemosystematics, and bioactivities |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Physics, University of Lucknow, University Road, Lucknow 226 007, Uttar Pradesh, India;2. Centre for Energy Studies, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India;3. Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226 031, Uttar Pradesh, India;1. Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;2. Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;3. Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;4. Department of Forestry, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;5. Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;6. Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;7. Department of Exercise Health Science, National Taiwan University of Physical Eucation and Sport, Taichung 404, Taiwan;8. Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan;1. College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041 China;2. Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China;3. The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory, Breeding Base of Systematic Research Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China |
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| Abstract: | Isoetin, 5,7,2′,4′,5′-pentahydroxyflavone, is a rare, structurally simple natural product belonging to the flavone sub-group of flavonoids. The first reports on naturally occurring isoetin derivatives were published in the 1970s though methoxy-derivatives with the same substitution pattern had already been synthesized a decade earlier. A glucoside of isoetin was first discovered in the genus Isoetes (Lycopodiopsida). In the forty years following the discovery of the new naturally occurring flavonoid aglycone, only a limited number of reports on isoetin and its derivatives have been published. Simple, i.e. non-methyl-ether derivatives of isoetin have been found in the Isoetaceae, Asteraceae, Ranunculaceae, Rosaceae, and Rubiaceae families; while methyl ethers and their derivatives have been found in the Lycopodiaceae, Asteraceae, Cucurbitaceae, Fabaceae, and Pedaliaceae. A total of 14 non-methyl-ether-derivatives (including isoetin) and the same number of methyl ether derivatives have been described, some methyl derivatives only as synthetic compounds, others even only as virtual compounds generated for in silico studies. The published NMR data of isoetin and its derivatives as well as chemosystematic studies using isoetin derivatives as markers are compiled and critically assessed. Moreover, the papers dealing with bioactivities of isoetin and its derivatives are summarized. |
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| Keywords: | Flavonoids Flavones Chemosystematics NMR spectroscopy |
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