Induced life cycle transition from holocycly to anholocycly of the Russian wheat aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) |
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Authors: | Runzhi Zhang Hongbin Liang Li Ren Guangxue Zhang |
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Institution: | (1) Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100080 Beijing, China |
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Abstract: | The Russian wheat aphid (RWA),Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), exists with holocyclic life cycle in Tacheng, Xinjiang in Northwest China. It produces males and oviparae to
mate and oviposit for overwintering by eggs. Under laboratory conditions with 14 h/d photophase and temperature not lower
than 15°C, RWA occurred in parthenogenesis and produced no males. The laboratory populations of Russian wheat aphid, which
were kept under natural conditions in fall by 15th, 49th and 81st generation while wild populations produced males and oviparae
for mating, produced males and oviparae with their number decreased gradually, but viviparae and nymphs increased sequentially.
As a result, it produced a small amount of oviparae and no males emerged in fields by 49 generations’ reproduction in laboratory.
After development of 81 generations, oviparae happened occasionally and no eggs occurred for overwintering instead of viviparae
and nymphs. A hypothesis of RWA disastrous process was proposed. The life cycle of RWA can be changed from holocycly to anholocycly
in its long-term spread and evolution. Anholocycly is more dangerous than holocycly to small grains for its strong adaptability
and dispersal ability. |
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Keywords: | Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia Mordvilko) life cycle pattern induced transition |
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