黑龙江省外来入侵植物分布格局及其影响因素

以省为单位开展外来入侵植物分布格局及其影响因素的研究，对于有效控制和预防外来入侵植物具有重要意义。本文在查阅文献资料、植物标本和野外调查的基础上，应用相关分析的方法，探讨了社会经济因素和生态环境因素对黑龙江省外来入侵植物分布的影响。结果表明，黑龙江省现有外来入侵植物52种，共隶属19个科，其中种数最多的科是菊科,其次是苋科。出现频率最高的是野西瓜苗、月见草，外来入侵植物生活型主要为一、二年生草本。北美洲和欧洲是黑龙江省外来入侵植物的主要来源地，哈尔滨市外来入侵植物种类最多，其次是牡丹江市、齐齐哈尔市、绥化市，双鸭山市、大庆市和七台河市最少。导致这一格局的主要因子为总人口数和交通运输业生产总值，而就外来入侵植物的物种密度而言，其与各行政区的面积、市/地区内自然保护区总面积呈显著的反比例关系。

Distribution Patterns of Invasive Plants in Heilongjiang Province and the Impact Factors

It is significant to study the relationships between the distribution of invasive plant and the economic, social, environment conditions of the city/region for controling and preventing invasive plants under the province level. Based on literature consultation, specimens consultation and field survey, used correlation analysis to determine the effects of social-economic factors and ecological environmental factors on the distribution of invasive plants in Heilongjiang Province. The results showed that there were 52 invasive plant species in Heilongjiang Province, the invasive plants belonging to 19 families, most invasive plants belonging to Compositae family, less belonging to Amaranthaceae family. Hibiscus trionum and Oenothera erythrosepala were the most frequently invasive plants, most of the 52 species were annuals or two-year herbage,most of the species originated from the North America and Europe. Most invasive plants were found in Harbin, less were found in Mudanjiang, Qiqihaer and Suihua, least were distributed in Shuangyashan, Daqing and Qitaihe. Total population and production value of the transport, storage and post were the two factors which impact the distribution pattern mostly, while for the density of the invasive plant species, the total land area, and the area of nature reserves were negatively related with the density.