Cytoskeletal and scaffolding proteins as structural and functional determinants of TRP channels

Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are six transmembrane-spanning proteins, with variable selectivity for cations, that play a relevant role in intracellular Ca^2 + homeostasis. There is a large body of evidence that shows association of TRP channels with the actin cytoskeleton or even the microtubules and demonstrating the functional importance of this interaction for TRP channel function. Conversely, cation currents through TRP channels have also been found to modulate cytoskeleton rearrangements. The interplay between TRP channels and the cytoskeleton has been demonstrated to be essential for full activation of a variety of cellular functions. Furthermore, TRP channels have been reported to take part of macromolecular complexes including different signal transduction proteins. Scaffolding proteins play a relevant role in the association of TRP proteins with other signaling molecules into specific microdomains. Especially relevant are the roles of the Homer family members for the regulation of TRPC channel gating in mammals and INAD in the modulation of Drosophila TRP channels. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Reciprocal influences between cell cytoskeleton and membrane channels, receptors and transporters. Guest Editor: Jean Claude Hervé.