Expression patterns of anoctamin 1 and anoctamin 2 chloride channels in the mammalian nose |
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Authors: | Kristin Dauner Judith Lißmann Semir Jeridi Stephan Frings Frank Möhrlen |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Molecular Physiology, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; |
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Abstract: | Calcium-activated chloride channels are expressed in chemosensory neurons of the nose and contribute to secretory processes
and sensory signal transduction. These channels are thought to be members of the family of anoctamins (alternative name: TMEM16
proteins), which are opened by micromolar concentrations of intracellular Ca2+. Two family members, ANO 1 (TMEM16A) and ANO 2 (TMEM16B), are expressed in the various sensory and respiratory tissues of
the nose. We have examined the tissue specificity and sub-cellular localization of these channels in the nasal respiratory
epithelium and in the five chemosensory organs of the nose: the main olfactory epithelium, the septal organ of Masera, the
vomeronasal organ, the Grueneberg ganglion and the trigeminal system. We have found that the two channels show mutually exclusive
expression patterns. ANO 1 is present in the apical membranes of various secretory epithelia in which it is co-localized with
the water channel aquaporin 5. It has also been detected in acinar cells and duct cells of subepithelial glands and in the
supporting cells of sensory epithelia. In contrast, ANO 2 expression is restricted to chemosensory neurons in which it has
been detected in microvillar and ciliary surface structures. The different expression patterns of ANO 1 and ANO 2 have been
observed in the olfactory, vomeronasal and respiratory epithelia. No expression has been detected in the Grueneberg ganglion
or trigeminal sensory fibers. On the basis of this differential expression, we derive the main functional features of ANO
1 and ANO 2 chloride channels in the nose and suggest their significance for nasal physiology. |
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