Expression of the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 on high endothelial venules and on non-lymphoid antigen handling cells: interdigitating cells,antigen transporting cells and follicular dendritic cells

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)¹ has been implicated in the development of germinal center reactions in vitro, and the present study was undertaken to determine the distribution of ICAM-1 in active germinal centers in vivo and in murine secondary lymphoid tissues in general. Anti-ICAM-1-specific monoclonal antibodies were used in conjunction with immunohistochemistry at both the light and ultrastructural levels of resolution. Examination of cryostat sections of lymph nodes, spleens, and Peyer's patches revealed that anti-ICAM-1 distinctly labeled cells in the light zones of germinal centers, a few cells in the T cell zones (e.g. paracortex of lymph nodes), cells in the sinus floor of the subcapsular sinuses of lymph nodes, and high endothelial venules (HEV). Ultrastructural studies revealed that the cells labeling with anti-ICAM-1 in germinal centers were follicular dendritic cells (FDC) which appeared to have more ICAM-1 than any other cell type. The surfaces of well-developed, intricate, convoluted FDC processes were intensely labeled even under conditions where B cells appeared negative. Interdigitating cells (IDC) were also labeled as were certain endothelial cells in the HEV. The cells in the subcapsular sinus floor labeling with anti-ICAM-1 were the antigen transporting cells (ATC) that carry antigen-antibody complexes into lymph node follicles. We suspect ATC are FDC precursors which mature into FDC in the follicles. Interestingly, FDC, IDC, and ATC are 3 important accessory cells known to handle antigens in specific compartments of lymphoid tissues. The marked localization of this adhesion molecule on these critical antigen handling cells supports the concept that ICAM-1 is important in providing the intercellular adhesion necessary for optimal initiation of immune responses in vivo.Abbreviations ICAM-1 Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 - LFA-1 leukocyte functional antigen-1 - IDC interdigitating cells - ATC antigen transporting cells - FDC follicular dendritic cells - HEV high endothelial venules - DC dendritic cells - PBS phosphate-buffered saline - PLP periodate-lysine-4% paraformaldehyde - GPLP periodate-lysine-0.1% glutaraldehyde-2% paraformaldehyde - EM electron microscopy - HRP horseradish peroxidase - DAB diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride - HSA human serum albumin