Biosynthesis of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-<Emphasis Type="Italic">co</Emphasis>-3-hydroxyvalerate-<Emphasis Type="Italic">co</Emphasis>-4-hydroxybutyrate) terpolymer by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cupriavidus</Emphasis> sp. USMAA2-4 through two-step cultivation process

A locally isolated Gram-negative bacterium, Cupriavidus sp. USMAA2-4 was found capable of producing terpolymer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) P(3HB-co-3HV-co-4HB)] using γ-butyrolactone or 1,4-butanediol with either valeric acid or 1-pentanol as the carbon source. The present of 3HB, 3HV and 4HB monomers were confirmed by gas chromatography (GC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. PHA concentration of 1.9 g/l was the highest value obtained using the combination of 1,4-butanediol and 1-pentanol through one-step cultivation process. PHA concentration obtained through two-step cultivation process was higher for all the combinations and the highest value achieved was 2.5 g/l using γ-butyrolactone and 1-pentanol as carbon source. Various molar fractions of 4HB and 3HV ranging from 6 to 14 mol% and 39 to 87 mol%, respectively were produced through two-step cultivation process by manipulating the concentration of γ-butyrolactone. As the culture aeration was reduced, the molar fraction of 3HV and 4HB increased from 40 to 67 mol% and 10 to 24 mol%, respectively while the dry cell weight and PHA content decreased. The terpolymer produced was characterized using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The number-average molecular weight (M _n) and the melting temperature (T _m)) of the terpolymer were in the range of 177–484 kDa and 160–164°C, respectively.