环境审美的生物学基础和文化影响及其设计应用

人类的环境审美既受到在长期进化中形成的生物本能的影响，同时也受到文化发展的影响。环境审美的生物学基础认为能够满足人类生存和繁衍的环境就是美的，由此形成了栖息地理论、瞭望—庇护理论、认知理论和信息处理理论，其特点是形式和内容的完美统一。文化对于人类环境审美的影响主要表现在：1）对于生物学基础的调整和改变；2）文化的变化导致环境审美情趣的变化；3）对于同一审美对象，个体和小群体的美感体验存在差异。生物学基础和文化发展之间也存在着相互作用，二者总是综合起来共同影响人们的环境审美，因此在环境设计中必须同时重视二者的作用，才能设计出具有“家园感”的环境作品。

Biological Basis and Cultural Influence of Environmental Aesthetic as well as Design and Application

Environmental aesthetic preference of human is influenced by the biological instinct formed in the long-term evolution, and by the culture. The former considered that the environment that statisfies human survival and reproduction is beautiful. Based on this idea, previous researchers put forward four theories: habitat theory, prospect-refuge theory, cognitive theory and information processing theory, which are endowed the characteristic of perfect combination between form and content. The intluence of cultural on human environmental aesthetic is mainly manifested in the following aspects: 1) the adjustment and change of biological basis; 2) the changes of environmental aesthetic appeal; 3) for the same aesthetic objects, there being the differences among individuals and small groups. There are interactions between biological basis and cultural development, and the two always joint together to influence people''s environmental aesthetic preference. So, environmental design must attach importance to both of them to design the works with the home sense.