棒络新妇和悦目金蛛丝腺形态初步观察

研究比较了结网型蜘蛛棒络新妇Nephila clavata和悦目金蛛Argiope amoena的丝腺形态特征，为国内蜘蛛丝腺蛋白的研究提供原始的丝腺解剖图，同时结合对2种蜘蛛卵袋的解剖、网的特征和室内捕食黄粉虫Tenebrio molitor幼虫行为的观察比较，探讨了2种蜘蛛丝腺的生物学功能与其生存繁殖策略之间的关系。本文分别观察描述了棒络新妇和悦目金蛛的大壶状腺、小壶状腺、鞭状腺、柱状腺、葡萄状腺和梨状腺共6种丝腺。2种蜘蛛丝腺形态特征基本相似；部分丝腺在形态结构和颜色上有些差异；悦目金蛛的葡萄状腺比棒络新妇发达。观察表明2种蜘蛛的网和卵袋特征差异较大，两者捕食策略也不同，棒络新妇采用咬一捆缚（Bit—Wrapping）策略，悦目金蛛则采用捆缚一咬（Wrapping-Bit）策略。棒络新妇和悦目金蛛的网和卵袋特征与丝腺的颜色相一致。同时，其葡萄状腺数量和大小与其各自的捕食策略相关。

Primary Study on the Morphologies of Spider Nephila clavata and Argiope amoena Silk Glands

The morphologies ofNephila clavata and Argiope amoena spider silk glands were observation for providing photographs of spider silk glands. The relationship between the biological functions of the glands and the strategy of survival and reproduction was discussion basic on the observation of the characteristics of web and cocoon and the behavior of predating on Tenebrio molitor larvas. The six glands of the two species were observed. They are major and minor ampullate glands, flagelliform gland, cylindrical gland, aciniform gland and piriform gland. The morphologies and locations of the two spider silk glands were similar except some glands were little different in the color. The numbers of aciniform glands ofA. amoena are more than that ofN. clavata. The observations show that the two spiders are different in the characteristics of the web and cocoon. The observation of the predatory behavior indicated that the predatory strategy ofN. clavata is bit-wrapping, while the predatory strategy ofA. amoena is wrapping-bit. The features of web and cocoon are consistent with the color of the glands. It suggests that the differences in masses and numbers of aciniform glands N. clavata and A. amoena are related with the predatory strategies respectively.