中国蜘蛛物种多样性分析

基于2011年1月更新的世界蜘蛛名录第11．5版，本文对中国蜘蛛的物种多样性进行了统计和分析：（1）目前中国共记述蜘蛛67科670属3667种，种数占世界蜘蛛的8．72％，仍有许多物种尚待发现；（2）目前中国特有蜘蛛物种共计2376种，占中国蜘蛛种数的64．79％、世界蜘蛛种数（42055种）的5．65％，表明中国蜘蛛特有物种极为丰富，为中国生物多样性的保护、环境及气候的历史演变和蜘蛛的系统演化研究起到重要作用；（3）已知蜘蛛物种数最多的省份为云南（728种，占19．85％）、湖南（612种，占16．69％）、四川（454种，占12．38％）等，一定程度上表明上述各省生物多样性丰富，但这一结果也与各地蜘蛛多样性研究不均衡有关。蜘蛛各科名录及统计数据可参见“中国蜘蛛特有物种网”。

The Analysis of Species Diversity of Chinese Spiders

Based on the world spider catalog Ver. 11.5, the species diversity of Chinese spiders were counted and analyzed in the present paper. Firstly, totally 3 667 spiders, assigned to 67 families and 670 genera recorded in China, are 8.72% of spiders from the world. But there are still many undescribed species need to be found in future. Secondly, there are 2 376 endemic spiders in China, which are 64.79% of spiders recorded from China and 5.65% of spiders of the world. It shows that there is high diversity of endemic species from Chinese fauna and is important for the conservation of Chinese biodiversity, the research of historical evolvement of Chinese environment and climate, the origination and evolution of spiders. Thirdly, the provinces with the highest spider diversity are Yunnan （728 species, 19.85 % of China）, Hunan （612 species, 16.69%） and Sichuan （454 species, 12.38%）. It shows there is higher biodiversity in those provinces to some extent. But these data are related with the unbalance of the research of spider diversity. The spider catalog of China and some related statistic data can be downloaded from the website of ＇Endemic species of China＇.