纳米紫杉类药物在乳腺癌治疗中的研究现状

紫杉醇虽被证明在多种肿瘤治疗中均具有良好的效果,但其有一个严重的缺陷:水溶性低。临床使用中需使用聚氧乙烯蓖麻油(CremphorEL)或无水乙醇作为溶剂,但其在体内降解时能释放组胺,导致严重的过敏反应以及肾毒性和神经毒性等不良反应,此外还存在患者耐受性差、血药浓度低、靶向性差等不足。在乳腺癌的诊断和治疗中,纳米技术改变了紫杉醇制剂的特征参数而使药物表现出缓释、控释性及靶向性等优势,解决了传统紫杉醇制剂水溶性差的缺点,提高了药物的生物利用度,并明显降低了紫杉醇的毒性和副作用,给紫杉醇药物在体内运输提供了新途径。

The Present Situation and Prospect of Nano-paclitaxel in the Treatment of Breast Cancer

Paclitaxel is proved to have good effect in many kinds of tumor treatment, but it has a serious bug: the poor water solubility. It needs to use polyoxyethylene castor oil (Cremphor EL) or ethanol as solvent, in clinical use. But its in vivo degradation to the release of histamine, resulting in adverse reaction of a severe allergic reaction and renal toxicity and neurotoxicity, otherwise, There are also patients'' poor tolerance, lack of low blood drug concentration, and poor targeting property. In the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer, nanotechnology has changed the characteristic parameters of paclitaxel such as slow release, controlled release and targeting. It has improved the water-solubility and bioavailability of paclitaxel, reduced the toxicity. It provides a new way in vivo drug transport of paclitaxel.