土壤中抗性基因的产生,扩散传播以及消减的研究进展

近年来,土壤中残留的大量抗生素不可避免的导致耐药微生物和抗性基因的增加和扩散,引起一系列土壤污染和生态风险。作为一类新兴污染物,抗性基因的污染水平已经远远超出我们的预想,因此对土壤中抗性基因的分布水平、扩散传播及消减技术的研究刻不容缓。本文对国内外土壤中抗生素和抗性基因残留水平进行了总结分析,探讨了土壤中抗性基因的产生、扩散的内在动力和机制。同时,分析了土壤中抗性基因分布和扩散的影响因素,如:抗生素残留水平,土壤理化性质和环境条件等。在此基础上,探讨了土壤抗性基因阻隔和消减技术,包括传统降解方法:高温,光照催化、微波-H2O2-微生物联合处理技术等,并提出新型消解技术:取代活性基团、靶位修饰以及改变外排泵的通透性等。讨论未来在控制抗性基因生态风险,降低其在土壤中的丰度,有效阻截技术的发展趋势。

Emergence, Spread and Elimination of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Soil- A review

In recent years, various antibiotic residuals in soils inevitably result in an increase and spread of resistance microorganismand antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and lead to a series of soil ecological risks. As an emerging pollutant, the residual level of ARGs in soils is actually much higher than we thought previously, thus the relevant studies are urgent to understand the distribution level and spread of ARGs, and proceed for elimination technologies. In this paper, we firstly summarized the residual level of antibiotics and ARGs in soils at home and abroad, and discussed the intrinsic driving force and mechanism of emergence and spread of ARGs, and potential threat to ecological environment. In addition, we analyzed the factors that influencing the distribution and spread of ARGs in soils, such as the residual concentration of antibiotics, soil physical and chemical properties, environmental conditions, and so on. Then we further discussed the elimination techniques of ARGs, including high temperature, photocatalysis, microwave- H2O2-microbial integrated-treatment technology, and proposed new methods, such as replaced active groups, changed the target position and the permeability of efflux pump. Finally, this study highlighted the trends in controlling the residual abundance and ecological risks of ARGs in soils.