200例先天性尿道下裂患儿的临床特征及其危险因素分析

目的:研究200例先天性尿道下裂患儿的临床特征及其危险因素。方法:选择2016年1月~2019年12月我院收治的先天性尿道下裂患儿200例进行研究,记作观察组,另取同期于我院接受体检的健康儿童200例作为对照组,分析观察组患儿的临床分型情况,比较两组儿童父母的一般情况、儿童出生情况,并采用多因素Logistic回归分析先天性尿道下裂的影响因素。结果:200例先天性尿道下裂患儿临床分型按照占比从高到低的顺序依次为阴茎体型46.50%(93/200)、阴茎阴囊型28.00%(56/200)、冠状沟型17.00%(34/200)、阴囊型4.50%(9/200)、阴茎头型3.00%(6/200)、会阴型1.00%(2/200)。观察组父亲生活性接触化学物、母亲流产史、母亲孕期饮食缺乏肉类、母亲孕期饮食缺乏鱼类、母亲孕期应用保胎药、母亲孕期吸烟或被动吸烟人数占比均高于对照组(均P<0.05)。观察组早产、低出生体重人数占比高于对照组(均P<0.05)。经多因素Logistic回归分析显示,父亲生活性接触化学物、母亲流产史、母亲孕期饮食缺乏肉类、母亲孕期饮食缺乏鱼类、母亲孕期应用保胎药、母亲孕期吸烟或被动吸烟、早产、低出生体重均是先天性尿道下裂的危险因素(均P<0.05)。结论:先天性尿道下裂患儿临床分型以阴茎体型为主,双亲不良生活习惯、化学物接触史以及早产、低出生体重均是先天性尿道下裂的危险因素,值得临床重点关注。

Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors Analysis of 200 Children with Congenital Hypospadias

ABSTRACT Objective: To study the clinical characteristics and risk factors of 200 children with congenital hypospadias. Methods: 200 cases of children with congenital hypospadias who were admitted in our hospital from January 2016 to December 2019 were included in the study, and they were recorded as observation group. In addition, 200 healthy children were taken as the control group. The clinical types of children in observation group was analyzed. The general situation of parents and the birth of children in the two groups were compared, and the influence factors of congenital hypospadias were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression. Results: The clinical types of children with congenital hypospadias were penis type 46.50%(93/200), penis scrotum type 28.00%(56/200), coronal sulcus type 17.00%(34/200), scrotum type 4.50%(9/200), penile head type 3.00%(6/200) and perineal type 1.00%(2/200) of perineum in order of proportion from high to low. In the observation group, the proportion of father lived with chemicals, the history of maternal abortion, the mother''s diet was deficient in meat during pregnancy, mother''s diet was deficient in fish during pregnancy, the mother should take anti-pregnancy medicine during pregnancy, mother''s smoking or passive smoking during pregnancy were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05). The proportion of preterm birth and low birth weight in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05). By multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed, father lived with chemicals, history of maternal abortion, mother''s diet was deficient in meat during pregnancy, mother''s diet was deficient in fish during pregnancy, mother should take anti-pregnancy medicine during pregnancy, mother''s smoking or passive smoking during pregnancy, premature birth, and low birth weight were all independent risk factors for congenital hypospadias (all P<0.05). Conclusion: The main clinical types of children with congenital hypospadias were penis type. The poor living habits, chemical exposure, premature birth and low birth weight are the risk factors of congenital hypospadias, they are worthy of clinical attention.