膳食纤维与慢性非传染性疾病发生风险的关系

近年来慢性非传染性疾病的患病率呈"井喷"式增长,是全球致死和致残的首位原因,它主要发生在低、中收入国家中,严重危害了公共健康并加重了卫生经济负担。大量研究表明医学营养治疗对遏制慢性非传染性疾病的发生发展具有积极作用。膳食纤维作为健康饮食的重要组成部分,是维系公共健康不可缺少的一种营养素。由于它不被胃肠道消化吸收,也不产生能量,我们过去曾错误地认为它是一种"无营养物质"。随着科学的深入发展,膳食纤维的健康获益不断地被发现和证实,现被定义为第七类营养素。如今我国居民饮食结构愈发精细化,膳食纤维更成为了研究者们关注的焦点。本文将对膳食纤维进行系统阐述,总结其与常见慢性非传染性疾病发生风险的关系及其可能的作用机制,并对我国居民及常见慢性非传染性疾病患者的膳食纤维摄入现状及趋势进行报道。

The Association Between Dietary Fiber Intake and the Risk of Chronic non-communicable Diseases

ABSTRACT: In recent years, the prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases has rapidly increased, which is the most impor- tant reason of leading to death and disability in the world. It mainly occurs in low-middle income countries, and it seriously endangers public health and aggravates economic burden. Numerous studies showed that dietary adjustments had played a positive effect on curbing the development of chronic non-communicable diseases. Dietary fiber is considered as an important part of a healthy diet, and it is an in- dispensable nutrient for public health. As it is not digested by the gastrointestinal tract and does not produce energy, we mistakenly con- sidered it was useless. With the development of science, the health benefits of dietary fiber have been found and confirmed continuously, then it is defined as the seventh class of nutrients. Nowadays, the dietary structure of Chinese residents has become more fine, on the con- trary, dietary fiber attracts the attention of researchers. In this paper, we will systematically describe the definition and effect of dietary fiber, summing up the association between it and the risk of common chronic non-communicable diseases, telling its possible mechanism of action, and reporting the status and trends of dietary fiber intake among Chinese residents and common chronic non-communicable diseases patients.