湖南省9所医院早产儿卡介苗及乙肝疫苗接种情况及未接种原因分析

目的:了解湖南省9所医院早产儿卡介苗及乙肝疫苗接种现状,并分析未接种的原因。方法:收集2014年11月至2015年10月期间参与研究的湖南省9所医院产科分娩的早产儿相关临床资料及卡介苗和第一剂乙肝疫苗的接种资料,分析各医院的接种原则以及未接种的原因。结果:各医院间早产儿的出生体重及出生胎龄比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);9所医院遵循的卡介苗和第一次乙肝疫苗接种原则不尽相同;出院时卡介苗未接种率为45.0%,明显高于第一剂乙肝疫苗未接种率的16.7%(P0.05);卡介苗因低体重、疾病、IVIG、家长拒绝而未接种的比例分别为82.5%、12.9%、4.3%、0.3%,第一剂乙肝疫苗因疾病、低体重、IVIG、家长拒绝而未接种的比例分别为53.1%、41.6%、4.0%、1.3%。结论:湖南省9所医院早产儿卡介苗及乙肝疫苗接种率较低,疾病和低体重位居出院时未接种原因的前两位,应规范早产儿疫苗接种,避免遗漏或不恰当推迟疫苗接种。

Analysis of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin and Hepatitis B Vaccine Inoculation in Preterm Infants and the Reasons for Uninoculated in 9 Hospitals of Hunan Province

ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the current status of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin and hepatitis B vaccine inoculation in preterm infants in 9 hospitals of Hunan Province, and analyze the reasons for uninoculated. Methods: The clinical data of obstetric delivery preterm infants in 9 hospitals of Hunan province from November 2014 to October 2015 and the inoculation data of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin and the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine were collected, and the inoculation principles and the reasons for the uninoculated were analyzed. Results: There were significant differences in birth weight and gestational age of preterm infants in different hospitals (P<0.05). The principles of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin and the first hepatitis B vaccine inoculation were not the same in 9 hospitals. The uninoculated rate of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin was 45.0% at discharge, significantly higher than 16.7% of the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine(P<0.05). The uninoculated rate of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin for low weight, disease, IVIG and parental rejection were 82.5%, 12.9%, 4.3% and 0.3% respectively. The uninoculated rate of the first dose of hepatitis B vaccin for disease, low weight, IVIG and parental rejection were 53.1%, 41.6%, 4.0%, 1.3% respectively. Conclusion: The inoculated rate of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin and hepatitis B vaccine in preterm infants is lower in 9 hospitals of Hunan Province. The disease and low weight are the top two uninoculated reasons at discharge. Vaccination for preterm infants should be standardized to avoid missing or inappropriate vaccination.