太原市杏花岭区白癜风患者临床流行病学调查及患病影响因素的Logistic回归分析

摘要 目的：调查太原市杏花岭区白癜风患者临床流行病学情况，并分析患病影响因素。方法：于2020年6月至2021年6月采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法，抽取太原市杏花岭区辖10个街道符合条件的常住居民进行调查，共抽取1440例，实际完成调查研究1428例，应答率为99.17%。采用我院自行设计的问卷调查表收集资料。根据是否患有白癜风将研究对象分为白癜风组（n=31）和无白癜风组（n=1397）。采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析太原市杏花岭区白癜风患者患病影响因素。结果：纳入的1428例居民中，共诊断出31例患有白癜风，患病率为2.17%。31例白癜风患者中，男性占比高于女性，占54.84%；年龄21~40岁区间患病率最高，占29.04%；未婚的白癜风患者偏多，占45.17%；文化程度为初高中的白癜风发生率偏高，占41.94%；职业为学生的白癜风发生率偏高，占32.27%。单因素分析显示：太原市杏花岭区白癜风的患病与白癜风家族史、精神因素、暴晒史、饮酒史、吸烟史、经常接触化学物质、饮食规律、蔬果摄入量、饮食合理、皮肤病史有关（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示：饮酒史、白癜风家族史、皮肤病史、经常接触化学物质、暴晒史、精神因素是白癜风发病的潜在独立危险因素，而饮食合理、蔬果摄入量大、饮食规律则是其保护因素（P<0.05）。结论：太原市杏花岭区白癜风发生率较高，饮酒史、白癜风家族史、皮肤病史、经常接触化学物质、暴晒史、精神因素是白癜风发病的潜在独立危险因素，而饮食合理、蔬果摄入量大、饮食规律则是其保护因素。

Clinical Epidemiological Investigation of Vitiligo Patients in Xinghualing District of Taiyuan City and Logistic Regression Analysis of the Influential Factors

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the clinical epidemiology of vitiligo patients in Xinghualing District of Taiyuan City, and to analyze the influencing factors. Methods: From June 2020 to June 2021, 1440 eligible permanent residents from 10 streets under the jurisdiction of Xinghualing District, Taiyuan City were selected by multi-stage stratified random sampling method, 1428 of which were actually investigated, with a response rate of 99.17%. The questionnaire designed by our hospital was used to inquire and record the epidemiological information and clinical characteristics of all the respondents in detail. The subjects were divided into vitiligo group (n=31) and non-vitiligo group (n=1397) according to whether they had vitiligo. The influencing factors of vitiligo patients in Xinghualing District of Taiyuan City were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results: Among 1428 residents included, 31 patients were diagnosed with vitiligo, with a prevalence rate of 2.17%. Among the 31 vitiligo patients, the proportion of male was higher than that of female, accounting for 54.84%. The prevalence was highest in the age range of 21~40 years, accounting for 29.04%. Unmarried vitiligo patients tend to be more, accounted for 45.17%. The incidence of vitiligo was higher in middle and high school students with education level, accounting for 41.94%. The incidence of vitiligo in students was high, accounting for 32.27%. Univariate analysis showed that the occurrence of vitiligo in Xinghualing District of Taiyuan City was associated with family history of vitiligo, mental factors, history of sun exposure, drinking history, smoking history, frequent exposure to chemical substances, dietary rules, intake of fruits and vegetables, reasonable diet, and skin history (P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that drinking history, family history of vitiligo, history of skin diseases, frequent exposure to chemicals, history of exposure to sun, and mental factors were the potential independent risk factors for vitiligo, while reasonable diet, large intake of vegetables and fruits, and regular diet were the protective factors (P<0.05). Conclusion: The incidence of vitiligo is high in Xinghualing District, Taiyuan City. The history of alcohol consumption, family history of vitiligo, history of skin diseases, frequent exposure to chemicals, history of sun exposure, and mental factors are the potential independent risk factors for vitiligo, while reasonable diet, large intake of vegetables and fruits, and dietary laws are the protective factors.