封闭环境下酸性矿坑水中微生物生态多样性的研究

铜绿山铜矿是世界开采时间最长的矿井之一,在开采过程中有许多矿井被废弃,许多废弃的矿井内产生了大量的对环境有害的酸性矿坑水.酸性矿坑水取自铜绿山铜矿某废弃矿井,利用限制性酶切片断多样性分析(RFLP分析)对酸性矿坑水中的微生物生态多样性进行了研究.研究表明,酸性矿坑水呈酸性,相对于其他极端与非极端生态环境,酸性矿坑水中的细菌与古菌的群落多样性较低.RFLP分析与系统发育分析表明,酸性矿坑水中细菌主要由A.fcrrooxidans(属于gamma-Proteobacteria)和L.ferrooxidans(属于Nitospira)成;古菌主要由Thermoplasma相关古菌组成.在这种封闭环境的酸性矿坑水中首次发现了类似于产甲烷古菌的克隆片断,其占古菌种群的四分之一左右.本研究将促进对酸性矿坑水中细菌及古菌群落组成及其对酸性矿坑水产生的作用的研究.

Analysis of Microbial Community Composition in Obturating Acid Mine Drainage

Tong Lushan Copper Mine has the longest exploitation time span in the world. Many disused mines produce a large amount of environmental detrimental acid mine drainage (AMD). The microbial community in obturating AMD samples,which collected from Tong Lushan Copper Mine,was identified by the technology of the restriction fragment length polymorphisma (RFLP) analysis of bacterial and archaeal 16S rDNA clone libraries. The bacterial and archaeal richness of acidophilic communities in this acidic and high-ion-concentration AMD were lower when compared with other extremophile and non-extremophile assemblages. The result of RFLP analysis and phylogenetic anlysis show that the majority of the bacterial clones were A. ferrooxidans belonging to the gamma-Proteobacteria and L. ferrooxidans belonging to the Nitospira while the majority of the archaeal clones were affiliated with Thermoplasma.Archaeal clones related to uncultured methanogenic archaeon were first found in obturating AMD environment and accounted for more than a quarter of the total archaeal clones. This microbial community structure composed by both bacteria and archaea contributed much to the generation of AMD.