子宫腺肌病发病与干细胞关系的研究进展

子宫腺肌病(adenomyosis,AM)是一种常见的严重影响女性身心健康及女性生育并伴有恶性侵袭性的妇科良性疾病。以子宫内膜的腺体和间质异位至深部子宫肌层,并伴随相邻肌细胞增生和肥大为特征,其临床特点特殊,近期统计研究发现其发病率正逐渐升高,而且趋向年轻化。现有研究报道子宫腺肌发病涉及多方面的因素,但具体发病机制尚不明确。近期研究发现子宫内膜存在的基底层干细胞可能与子宫内膜随月经周期发生脱落、增殖相关,其功能紊乱可能导致子宫内膜增生异常性疾病包括子宫腺肌病的发生,子宫内膜干细胞侵入子宫肌层,在局部环境的诱导下增殖、分化或可形成子宫内膜的异位病灶。子宫内膜干细胞的研究可能为子宫腺肌病发病和治疗带来新的思路和希望。本文参考国内外文献,就近年来子宫腺肌病发病机制及与干细胞相关研究进展进行综述并提出展望。

StemCells and Their Relationship with Adenomyosis

Adenomyosis is a common gynecological benign disease which affects women''s physical and mental health and fertility. It is characterized by endometrial glands and interstitial deeply ectopic to uterine muscle layer, and with adjacent muscle cell hyperplasia and hypertrophy, By statistical study Its incidence is found increased gradually and trend younger in recent years, because of special clinical characteristics.There are many factors involved in the pathogenesis of the adenomyosis, But the specific pathogenesis is not clear. Recent studies have shown that basal layer of endometrial stem cells and endometrial with menstrual cycle occurred off, the proliferation and its dysfunction may lead to abnormal endometrial hyperplasia disease, including the occurrence of uterine adenomyosis, endometrial stem cells invading the myometrium, in the local environment induced proliferation, differentiation and the formation of ectopic endometrial lesions. The study of endometrial stem cells may bring new ideas and hopes for the pathogenesis and treatment of adenomyosis. This paper gave a review on the resent research at home and abroad.