噪声和高温对机体健康影响的复合效应

当今社会随着经济和科技的发展,多种有害职业因素往往共同存在于同一岗位。复合因素对机体健康影响的相互作用包括四种情况:协同作用、相加作用、拮抗作用和无关作用。噪声和高温作为有害的职业因素常存在于同一岗位,那么噪声复合高温对机体健康会产生怎样的影响,这两种环境因素是否存在复合效应?文献报道不一。噪声和高温联合对听觉系统、心血管系统、神经系统的影响可能表现为协同、相加、拮抗和无关作用,对呼吸系统的影响表现为拮抗作用,目前,研究结果不一致主要原因是实验条件和暴露方法的不一致。我们认为将来的研究热点集中在噪声和高温联合产生复合效应的条件及剂量反应关系研究、机制及防治措施研究,噪声和高温联合对其他系统如消化、免疫系统是否存在复合效应也值得深入研究。

Health Effects of Combined Exposure to Noise and High Temperature

With the development of modern industries and technologies, various kinds of harmful occupational factors often exist in one duty. Four major outcomes are included in health effects of combined factors: a synergetic effect, an additive effect, an antagonistic effect and no interactive effect. Noise and high temperature often exist in the same environment as harmful occupational factors. What are the combined effects of noise and high temperature? Are there any interactions such as synergistic, additive, antagonistic or negligible effects on health between noise and high temperature? The answers were different in literature. Synergistic, additive, antagonistic or negligible effects on auditory system, cardiovascular systemand nervous systemwere all reported, and negligible effects on respiratory system were reported when co-exposure to noise and high temperature. At the present time, different findings were resulted by various experimental and exposure methodological inadequacies. Our viewpoints are that further research will focus on the specified conditions and dose-response relationships in which noise and high temperature have interactions, the mechanisms and potential interventions of their combined effects, interactive effects of noise and high temperature on other systems such as digestive system and immune system, etc.