Muller细胞与视网膜病变

视网膜是一薄而半透明的、具有多层结构的神经组织,位于眼球后2/3部的内侧面。向前延伸达睫状体,止于不规则边界。Muller细胞是脊椎动物视网膜内最主要的神经胶质细胞,它贯穿整个视网膜。Muller细胞对于维持神经元的完整性、代谢、内环境稳态以及信号转导等均具有重要的作用。在视网膜病变时,Muller细胞参与整个过程,并且在视网膜的各种疾病中都发现伴有Muller细胞的神经胶质增生反应。Muller细胞同时也调控视网膜病变的整个过程。Muller细胞膜上的神经递质受体、谷氨酸受体、门控电压通道、所合成分泌的营养因子及自的身增殖分化都发生改变。近年来人们对Muller细胞的认识越来越多,研究的方向也从细胞的微观结构、主要功能转变成Muller细胞对不同视网膜病变过程的参与调控。本文对视网膜Muller细胞的形态和生理功能,病理状况下Muller细胞发生的改变作一综述。

Muller Cells and Retinopathy

The retina is a thin, semitransparent, multilayered sheet of neural tissue that lines the inner aspect of the posterior two-thirds of the wall of the globe. It extends almost as far anteriorly as the ciliary boby, ending at that point in a ragged edge. Muller cells are the main glial cells in vertebrate animal retina, it runs through the whole retina. Muller cells play an important role in the maintainence of the integrity of the neurons, metabolism, homeostasis and signal transduction. In retinopathy, Muller cells participate in the whole process, and Muller glial cells proliferation response are found in all kinds of retinal diseases. Muller cells also regulate the whole process of retinopathy. The neurotransmitter receptors, glutamic acid receptor, the voltage channel gating, the synthesis of neurotrophic factor secretion and their proliferation and differentiation of Muller cell membrane all have changed. In recent years, people have shown more and more understanding of Muller cells. The direction of the research has also changed from the microscopic structure of cells and the main functions into the regulation of different processes of retinopathy. In this review, the morphology and physiological functions of retinal Muller cells, and Muller cell changes in the pathological conditions were summarized.