海口市流感嗜血杆菌流行病学及耐药性研究

目的:研究海口市呼吸系统疾病患儿流感嗜血杆菌流行病学及耐药性情况,为疾病的预防和治疗提供参考。方法:收集2006-2010年海口市各医院(海南医学院附属医院、海南省人民医院、海口市人民医院、海南省农垦总医院)临床送检的咽拭子、鼻咽分泌物、痰、脑脊液等标本486例,然后分离鉴定流感嗜血杆菌;采用Etest法测定对分离到的95株流感嗜血杆菌进行抗生素药敏试验检测。结果:流感嗜血杆菌总检出率19.55%,其检出情况在不同地区和不同民族之间存在差异,考虑其原因可能和社会经济条件有关,流感嗜血杆菌对常用抗生素的体外药敏结果依次为:左氧氟沙星、头孢曲松>阿莫西林/克拉维酸、阿奇霉素>氯霉素>头孢克洛>阿莫西林>氨苄西林>磺胺甲基异噁唑。结论:海口流感嗜血杆菌由于全年气温较高,其发病率无明显季节性,细菌检出率在不同地区及不同民族之间存在差别。对左氧氟沙星、头孢曲松、阿莫西林/克拉维酸、阿奇霉素、氯霉素的耐药率低,其可作为临床治疗流感嗜血杆菌感染的首选药物,而对氨苄西林和磺胺甲基异噁唑的耐药率较高,其作为临床治疗流感嗜血杆菌首选药物的传统地位受到了严重挑战。

Epidemiology and Drug Resistance of Haemophilus Influenzae in Haikou City

Objective: To evaluate epidemiology and drug resistance of Haemophilus influenzae in Haikou City in children respi-ratory diseases for disease prevention and treatment.Methods: Between 2006 to 2010 in Haikou Children’s Hospital,486 cases of respira-tory tract infection,to cultivate isolated Haemophilus influenzae on nasopharyngeal secretions throuh Etest method for separation of 95 Haemophilus influenzae to antibiotics sensitivity test.Results: Haemophilus influenzae overall detection rate was 19.55 percent,and there are differences in the different regions and between different ethnic groups which was considered its causes was related to socio-econom-ic conditions,and Haemophilus influenzae in vitro results were: levofloxacin,ceftriaxone> amoxicillin / clavulanic acid,azithromycin> chloramphenicol> cefaclor> amoxicillin>ampicillin>Sulfamethoxazole.Conclusions: High temperatures throughout the year in Haikou,the incidence rate of Haemophilus influenzae had no significant seasonal,bacterial detection rate in different regions and between differ-ent ethnic groups.For levofloxacin,ceftriaxone,amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid,azithromycin,chloramphenicol resistance rate was low,and could be used as first choice drug,and to ampicillin and Sulfamethoxazole resistance rate was higher for traditional medicines will be a serious challenge.