中国生物多样性适应气候变化策略研究

全球气候变化不仅给人类社会可持续发展带来严峻挑战,而且严重威胁到生物多样性及生态安全。我国是生物多样性最为丰富的国家之一,气候变化已经在对动物分布、行为和迁移,植物物候、植被和群落结构等方面造成了影响,并增加了珍稀濒危物种的灭绝风险,同时对生态系统的功能方面也造成了明显影响。未来气候变化将成为生物多样性丧失的主要驱动力之一。世界很多国家都在制定生物多样性适应气候变化的策略和采取适应行动,加强生物多样性的保护。本文在分析国外适应策略的基础上,结合中国生物多样性的现状,提出了适应气候变化的策略建议,包括制定生物多样性适应气候变化的国家战略,开展气候变化对生物多样性的影响监测和评估,针对敏感物种的就地保护和迁地保护,针对气候变化将导致退化生态系统开展恢复与重建,重点关注生物多样性适应气候变化优先区的保护,通过科学研究和国际合作,促进生物多样性适应气候变化技术的提高,期望为我国生物多样性保护和应对气候变化提供支持。

Study on Strategies of How Biodiversity Adapt to Climate Change in China

Global climate change is not only a serious challenge to the sustainable development of human society,but also a serious threat to biological diversity and ecological security.China is one of the countries with the richest biodiversity in the world.Climate change already has an impact on animals’ distribution,behavior and migration,plants’ phenology,vegetation and community structure,and increases the risk of extinction of rare and endangered species.At the same time,it also causes a significant effect on the degradation of ecosystem functions.In the future,climate change will become the main driving forces of biodiversity loss and one of the major threats to biodiversity.In order to strengthen the protection of biodiversity,many countries are in the development of biodiversity strategies and adaptation action to climate change.On the basis of the analysis of adaptation strategies abroad,and combined with the status of biodiversity,policy recommendations on adaptation to climate change have been put forward,which include developing a national strategy for biodiversity adaptation to climate change,strengthening monitoring and evaluation of the impact of climate change on biodiversity,strengthening in situ conservation and ex situ conservation of the species,strengthening rehabilitation and reconstruction of degraded ecosystems,enhancing biodiversity protection efforts to adapt to climate change priority areas,and strengthening scientific research and international cooperation and exchanges.All of the above suggestions may provide support for China’s biodiversity conservation and addressing climate change.