端粒和端粒酶及其在肝细胞癌中的研究进展

摘要：端粒是位于染色体末端的特殊核蛋白复合物，其高度保守的重复序列和蛋白复合物形成保护环结构，以维持线性染色体的稳定性和完整性。端粒酶通过添加富含鸟嘌呤的重复序列，在维持和调节端粒长度、细胞永生性和衰老中起着重要作用。通过研究病变细胞的端粒长度变化趋势和端粒酶活性，可为选择端粒酶作为治疗癌症的标记物提供理论参考。本文针对端粒、端粒酶的结构和日常作用机理，以及它们在肝细胞癌中的研究进展进行综述，以期有助于恶性肿瘤和代谢性疾病的预防、诊断和治疗。

Telomere and Telomerase and Their Research Progress in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

ABSTRACT: Telomeres are special nuclear protein complexes located at the ends of chromosomes, whose highly conserved repetitive sequences and protein complexes form a protective ring structure to maintain the stability and integrity of linear chromosomes. Telomerase plays an important role in maintaining and regulating telomere length, cell immortality and aging by adding guanine-rich repetitive sequences. By studying the change trend of telomere length and telomerase activity of diseased cells, it can provide a theoretical reference for selecting telomerase as a marker for cancer treatment. This article reviews the structure and daily action mechanism of telomeres and telomerase, as well as their research progress in hepatocellular carcinoma, in order to help prevent, diagnose and treat malignant tumors and metabolic diseases.