Spawning habits of the fluvial eight-barbel loach Lefua sp. observed in captivity

The spawning behavior and reproductive characteristics of the fluvial eight-barbel loach (nagare-hotoke-dojo) Lefua sp. (sensu Hosoya, 1993) were examined in 11 male–female pairs of 31.5–61.5 mm in standard length (SL) (males) and 34.1–70.9 mm SL (females) in experimental tanks, each with a layer of charcoal sand. Spawning of Lefua sp. began at a water temperature between 13.4° and 15.9°C. For each pair, on the days when spawning occurred, the male was observed to patrol the bottom briskly, whereas the female swam up and down along the tank glass. Just before spawning, the females attempted to burrow into the sand or under a stone using beats of the caudal fin. When stimulated by being pecked at or being bitten by the male, the female redoubled her effort to find cover and the male followed her, after which they finally succeeded in finding cover. Muscular spasms, resembling trembling, were observed and they remained adjacent to each other. A moment later they both swam up out of the sand, completing the spawning. Each spawning event with a sequence of these behaviors took place within a 24-h cycle, with mating behavior not being observed to continue into a second day in this study. A total of 69 batches of eggs laid were confirmed in the experiments. Lefua sp. showed basically batch-spawning to a maximum of 13 batches. With the increasing number of batches, the number of eggs spawned in each ensuing batch decreased and the interval between spawning events lengthened. The spawned eggs tended to increase in diameter as the size of the female increased.