The distribution and economic losses of alien species invasion to China |
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Authors: | Haigen Xu Hui Ding Mingyan Li Sheng Qiang Jianying Guo Zhengmin Han Zongguo Huang Hongying Sun Shunping He Hairong Wu Fanghao Wan |
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Institution: | (1) Division of Nature Conservation and Biodiversity, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, State Environmental Protection Administration of China, 8 Jiangwangmiao St, P.O. Box 4202, Nanjing, 210042, China;(2) Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China;(3) Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China;(4) Institute of Biological Control, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China;(5) Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, 361005, China;(6) College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210097, China;(7) Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China |
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Abstract: | Invasive alien species have become one of the most serious environmental issues in the world. Data of taxon, origin, pathway,
and environmental impacts of invasive alien microorganisms, invertebrates, amphibians and reptiles, fish, birds, mammals,
herbs, trees, and, marine organisms in terrestrial, aquatic, and marine ecosystems of China were analyzed during 2001 and
2003, based on literature retrieval and field survey. There were 283 invasive alien species in China, and the number of species
of invasive alien microorganisms, aquatic plants, terrestrial plants, aquatic invertebrates, terrestrial invertebrates, amphibians
and reptiles, fish, and mammals were 19, 18, 170, 25, 33, 3, 10, and 5, respectively. The proportion of invasive alien species
originated from America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Oceania were 55.1, 21.7, 9.9, 8.1, and 0.6%, respectively. Methods for
estimation of direct economic losses to agriculture, forestry, stockbreeding, fishery, road and water transportation, storage,
water conservancy, environment and public facilities, and human health were established. Methods for estimation of indirect
economic losses caused by invasive alien species to service functions of forest ecosystems, agricultural ecosystems, grassland
ecosystems, and wetland ecosystems were also established. The total economic losses caused by invasive alien species to China
were to the time of USD 14.45 billion, with direct and indirect economic losses accounting for 16.59% and 83.41% of total
economic losses, respectively. |
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Keywords: | alien species biological invasion China economic loss origin pathway |
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