The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal and garlic mustard introductions on native AM fungal diversity |
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Authors: | Alexander M Koch Pedro M Antunes E Kathryn Barto Don Cipollini Daniel L Mummey John N Klironomos |
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Institution: | 1.Department of Integrative Biology,University of Guelph,Guelph,Canada;2.Department of Biological Sciences,Wright State University,Dayton,USA;3.Microbial Ecology Program, Division of Biological Sciences,The University of Montana,Missoula,USA;4.Department of Biology and Physical Geography, Irving K. Barber School of Arts and Sciences,University of British Columbia,Okanagan, Kelowna,Canada;5.Department of Biology,Algoma University,Sault Ste Marie,Canada;6.Institut für Biologie,Freie Universit?t Berlin,Berlin,Germany |
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Abstract: | Introduced, non-native organisms are of global concern, because biological invasions can negatively affect local communities.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities have not been well studied in this context. AM fungi are abundant in most soils,
forming symbiotic root-associations with many plant species. Commercial AM fungal inocula are increasingly spread worldwide,
because of potentially beneficial effects on plant growth. In contrast, some invasive plant species, such as the non-mycorrhizal
Alliaria petiolata, can negatively influence AM fungi. In a greenhouse study we examined changes in the structure of a local Canadian AM fungal
community in response to inoculation by foreign AM fungi and the manipulated presence/absence of A. petiolata. We expected A. petiolata to have a stronger effect on the local AM fungal community than the addition of foreign AM fungal isolates. Molecular analyses
indicated that inoculated foreign AM fungi successfully established and decreased molecular diversity of the local AM fungal
community in host roots. A. petiolata did not affect molecular diversity, but reduced AM fungal growth in the greenhouse study and in a in vitro assay. Our findings
suggest that both introduced plants and exotic AM fungi can have negative impacts on local AM fungi. |
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