陕西蓝田地区第四纪哺乳动物群的划分

<正> 陕西蓝田地区的新生代地层保存得非常完好,各个时代的地层,几乎都有其代表,并发现了丰富的哺乳动物化石。在第四纪地层中,特别具有意义的是公王岭及陈家窝分别发现了蓝田人头盖骨及下颌骨,一些地区还发现了旧石器,更进一步证实这一地区在第四

THE SUBDIVISION OF QUATERNARY MAMMALIAN FAUNAS OF LANTIAN DISTRICT,SHAANXI

The Late Pleistocene mammal fauna from Laocihekou valley belongs to that foundin Salaosu-Kou and the other late Pleistocene localities of North China.The Dingcunfauna includes some older forms.The Palaeoloxodon tokunagai is also known in NorthChina as a Sanmenian form.The Rhinoceros mercki seems to be another archaic ele-ment already known in fauna.The percentage of extinct species of Laocihekou(32%)is higher than that of the Upper cave fauna(12.1%),but lower than the Dingcun one(58.3%).Therefore,the Laocihekou fauna is older than that of the Upper cave faunabut younger than the Dingcun one.There are three middle Pleistocene fossil sites respectively in Chenjiawo,Gonwanlingand Laocihe.The Laocihe assemblage seems to be similar to the Gonwanling fauna datedas Early middle Pleistocene in consisting 9 same species(82%).There are two speciesin the Chenjiawo fauna Myospalax tingi and Ochotonoides complicidens.The two fossilsare so far known only in the Earlier middle Pleistocene deposits and absent in the Loc.1 and 13 of Zhoukoudien Therefore,Chow and Li acknowledged that the age of theChenjiawo is evidently very close to the Lantian Man fauna of Gonwanling.The paleo-magnetic survey of the Gonwanling and Chenjiawo formations shows that Gonwan-ling is older than Chenjiawo.Lacking elements of South China which exist in Gon-wanling fauna,the Chenjiawo fauna is mainly of north forms.The study of palynologyindicates that the physical geographical condition of Chenjiawo was a landscape of grassland,on the other hand forest was prospered in Gonwanling.The percentage ofliving species of Chenjiawo fauna(29%)is lower than that of Zhoukoudian(1/3)andhigher than that of Gonwanling(1/5).There is an Early Pleistocene form(Leptobos)in the Gonwanling fauna.Therefore,the Chenjiawo fauna is obviously younger thanthat of the Gonwanling one.In comparison with the more typicial Early Pleistocene faunas of North China,the Yangguo fauna is similar to those of Nihewan and Loc.18 of Zhoukoudian.TheNihewan fauna includes three ancient survivals:Hipparion,Postschizotherium andMegantereon.The Yangguo fauna comprises an ancient surival:Hipparion.There-fore,it seems obvious that the Yangguo fauna corresponds to the Nihewan one or latersomewhat.Comparative Stratigraphy in Lantian district,Shaanxi and other regions:┏━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━┓┃ ┃ ┃ North China ┃ South China ┃ ┃ Java ┃┃ ┃ Lantian ┃ ┃ ┃ Burma ┃ (Indonesia) ┃┃ ┃ ┃ (fauna) ┃ (fauna) ┃ ┃ (fauna) ┃┣━━━━━━╋━━━┳━━━━━━━━╋━━━━━━━━━━━━━╋━━━━━━━━━━━━━━╋━━━━━━╋━━━━━━━┫┃ ┃ Q_3~3┃ Malan ┃ Upper cave ┃ Ziyang(?) ┃ ┃ ┃┃ ┣━━━╋━━━━━━━━╋━━━━━━━━━━━━━┫ ┃ ┃ ┃┃ Late ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃┃Pleistocene ┃ Q_3~2┃ Qian-Xian ┃ Salaosu-kou ┃ Liujiang ┃ ┃ Nagandong ┃┃ ┣━━━╋━━━━━━━━╋━━━━━━━━━━━━━┫ ┃ ┃ ┃┃ ┃ Q_3~1┃ Jiao-Jia-Wan ┃ Dingcun ┃ Maba ┃ ┃ ┃┣━━━━━━╋━━━╋━━━━━━━━╋━━━┳━━━━━━━━━╋━━━━━━━━━━━━━━╋━━━━━━╋━━━━━━━┫┃ ┃Q_2~2 ┃ upper Xiehu ┃Q_2~2 ┃Zhoukoudien ┃ Yenjiangguo ┃ ┃ Trinil ┃┃ Middle ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃┃ ┣━━━╋━━━━━━━━╋━━━╋━━━━━━━━━╋━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━┫ ┣━━━━━━━┫┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ Chenjiawo ┃ ┃ ┃Mogok caves ┃ ┃┃Pleistocene ┃Q_2~1 ┃ lower Xiehu ┃Q_2~1 ┃ ┃ Bama ┃ Guanyingdong ┃ ┃ Djetis ┃┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┣━━━━━━━━━┫ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ Gonwanling ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃┣━━━━━━╋━━━╋━━━━━━━━╋━━━┻━┳━━━━━━━╋━━━━┻━━━━━━━━━╋━━━━━━╋━━━━━━━┫┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ Loc.18 of ┃ Gaoping ┃ ┃ ┃┃ Early ┃Q_1~2 ┃ Yangguo ┃Yangguo ┃ ┃ ┃ Upper ┃ Kail Glagah ┃┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ Zhoukoudien ┃ Liuceng ┃ ┃ ┃┃ ┣━━━╋━━━━━━━━╋━━━━━┻━━━━━━━┫ ┃ ┣━━━━━━━┫┃Pleistocene ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ Irrawaddy ┃ ┃┃ ┃Q_1~2 ┃Sanmenian ┃ Nihewan ┃ Yuanmou ┃ ┃ Tjidoelang ┃┗━━━━━━┻━━━┻━━━━━━━━┻━━━━━━━━━━━━━┻━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┻━━━━━━┻━━━━━━━┛