飞机草挥发油对真菌和昆虫的生物活性及其化学成分研究

研究结果表明 :飞机草挥发油在中等浓度 (80 0mg·l-1)时 ,对水稻稻瘟病菌 (Pryiculariagrisea)的抑制作用最强 ,对长春花疫病菌 (Phytophthoranicotianae)的抑制作用次之 ,对香蕉枯萎病菌(Fusariumoxysporum)的抑制作用最弱 ,其抑菌率分别为 6 1.4 0 %、2 9.2 7%和 14 .4 4 %。用 10～ 2 0 μl·株 -1的飞机草挥发油 ,对小菜蛾 (Plutellaxylostella)和黄曲条跳甲 (Phyllotretastriolata)有显著的驱避产卵作用。用GC/MS详细分析了飞机草挥发油的化学成分 ,共鉴定了 33个化合物。主要成分是萜类化合物 ,如反式 石竹烯 (16 5 8% )、δ 杜松烯 (15 .85 % )、α 可巴烯 (11.5 8% )、氧化石竹烯 (9.6 3% )、大根香叶烯 (4.96 % )和α 律草烯 (4.32 % )。

BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF THE VOLATILE OIL FROM CHROMOLAENA ODORATA ON FUNGI AND INSECTS AND ITS CHEMICAL CONSTITUENT

Chromolaena odorata is an important and widespread weedin south China.The volatile oil from C.odorata had significant biological activities on fungi and insects.The result showed that inhibitory effect of the oil at middle concentration(800 mg·l-1 )for Pyricularia grisea was the strongest,the next was to Phytophthora nicotianae,the weakest was to Fusarium axysporum.The inhibitory percentage was 61.40%,29.27% and 14.44% respectively.The volatile oil from C.odorata had significant oviposition deterrent effect on the striped flea beetle(Phyllotreta striolata)and the diamondback moth(DBM)( Plutella xylostella )at dose 10～20μl·plant-1.The volatile oil from C.odorata was analyzed with CC/MS.Thirty-three components were identified in this way.Terpenoid compounds are major components of the volatile oil.The main terpenic components are trans- caryophyllene(16.22%),δ-cadinene(15.53%),a-copaene(11.32%),caryophyllene oxide(9.42%) ,germacrene-D(4.86%)and a-humulene(4.23%).