新型冠状病毒基因组结构与蛋白功能

2019年12月以来，武汉市暴发新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019，COVID-19)疫情并迅速蔓延全国，2020年1月30日被世界卫生组织(World Health Organization，WHO)列为“国际关注的突发公共卫生事件”(public health emergency of international concern，PHEIC)。核酸序列分析证明COVID-19由新型冠状病毒(2019 novel coronavirus，2019-nCoV)引起。2019-nCoV为正链单链RNA病毒，基因组长约30 kb，两端为非编码区，中间为非结构蛋白编码区和结构蛋白编码区。非结构蛋白编码区主要包括开放读码框架(open reading frame，ORF)1a和ORF1b基因，编码16个非结构蛋白(non-structural proteins，NSP)，即NSP1～16。结构蛋白编码区主要编码刺突(spike，S)蛋白、包膜(envelope，E)蛋白、膜(membrane，M)蛋白和核衣壳(nucleocapsid，N)蛋白。深入了解2019-nCoV基因组的结构和蛋白功能，将为2019-nCoV相关的病毒溯源、复制增殖、致病免疫、药物与疫苗研发以及当前疫情的防控提供有力的支撑。

Genomic structure and protein profiles of 2019 novel coronavirus

In December 2019,coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)was detected in Wuhan and spread rapidly in China and some other countries and regions.World Health Organization declared it is a public health emergency of international concern(PHEIC)on January 30,2020.Sequence and clinical analysis showed 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV)is the causative agent.2019-nCoV is a single positive strand RNA virus with a genome of about 30 kb.The genome is composed of two untranslated regions at both ends and multiple encoding regions for non-structural proteins(NSPs)and structural proteins.ORF1a and ORF1b encode 16 NSPs.The structural proteins include spike(S)protein,envelope(E)protein,membrane(M)protein and nucleocapsid(N)protein.Understanding genomic structure and protein functions of 2019-nCoV would be helpful to explore 2019-nCoV’s traceability,replication and proliferation,pathogenic immunity,drug and vaccine development,as well as the current epidemic prevention and control.