寄生蜂取食寄主特性及其在害虫生物防治中的作用

许多寄生性天敌昆虫的雌虫不仅寄生寄主, 而且还能取食寄主。在卵育型（synovigenic）寄生蜂类群中, 取食寄主行为是较为普遍的现象。本文综合近20年相关研究进展, 从寄生蜂类群、取食类型、生态学意义及影响因子等方面对寄生蜂的取食寄主行为进行了归纳总结。寄生蜂通过取食不仅可以杀死寄主, 直接起到控制害虫种群数量的作用, 还能通过取食策略为卵的成熟和再生提供营养来源, 对延长雌虫的寿命也有一定的帮助。对取食寄主行为的了解可为筛选优势寄生性天敌种类、评估寄生蜂在害虫生物防治中的作用提供重要信息。

Host-feeding behaviors of parasitoids on hosts and implications for biological control

Many species of insect parasitoids not only parasitize hosts but can also feed and kill them. As for synovigenic parasitoid wasps, host-feeding behavior has been regarded as a common habit in them. In this article, host-feeding behaviors in hymenopteran parasitoids were summarized in the view of involved parasitoid species, foraging type, ecological significance, and impact factors over the past two decades. Parasitoid wasps kill significant numbers of hosts by feeding, as well as by parasitism, which plays important roles in reducing population size of insect pests. Meanwhile, host-feeding benefits the parasitoids by supplying nutrients needed for egg maturation and reproduction. Sometimes host-feeding also prolongs the longevity of parasitoids. Understanding the host-feeding strategies can provide important information for screening dominant insect parasitoids and evaluating their effectiveness in biological control on insect pests.