椿叶花椒果实精油对两种蚊虫的生物活性及成分分析

为筛选环保型的植物源灭蚊活性物质, 研究了椿叶花椒 Zanthoxylum ailanthoides 果实精油对白纹伊蚊Aedes albopictus和致倦库蚊Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus成蚊的熏杀活性, 并测试了精油对这两种蚊幼虫的毒杀效果。此外, 采用GC-MS分析了该精油的化学成分。 结果表明：在102.145 μg·cm^-3熏杀剂量下, 精油对白纹伊蚊和致倦库蚊成蚊的KT50值分别为2.788和3.505 min, 24 h致死率分别为100%和97.53%。该精油对白纹伊蚊和致倦库蚊4龄幼虫的LC50值分别为45.237和20.759 mg·L^-1。从椿叶花椒果实精油中共鉴定出14种化合物, 其中2-十一酮为主要成分, 相对含量为89.86%。结果说明椿叶花椒果实精油对两种蚊虫均有明显的杀虫活性, 具有开发成植物源灭蚊剂的潜力。

Bioactivity and components of essential oil from Zanthoxylum ailanthoides fructification against two mosquito species

To find some eco-friendly components from plants as mosquitocide, the fumigant activity of essential oil from Zanthoxylum ailanthoides fructification to the adults of Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus was tested, and its insecticidal activity against the larvae and pupae of the two mosquito species was evaluated. The volatile components of this oil were also analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that at the dosage of 102. 145 μg · cm~(-3), the KT_(50) values of this oil for adults of Ae. Albopictus and Cx. Pipiens quinquefasciatus were 2.788 and 3.505 min, respectively, while the 24 h mortalities of adults of the two mosquito species were 100% and 97.53% , respectively. The 24 h LC_(50) values of this oil for 4th instar larvae of Ae. Albopictus and Cx. Pipiens quinquefasciatus were 45. 237 and 20. 759 mg · L~(-1), respectively. Fourteen chemical compounds were identified from the essential oil from Z. ailanthoides fructification, and the main component of this essential oil is 2-undecanone with the peak-area ratio of 89. 86%. The results demonstrate that the oil from Z. ailanthoides fructification has strong insecticidal activity against A. albopictus and Cx. Pipiens quinquefasciatus, and it has a great potential to be developed as a natural mosquitocide.