椰心叶甲蛹寄生蜂——椰心叶甲啮小蜂的生物学特性

椰心叶甲啮小蜂Tetrastichus brontispae Ferrière是椰心叶甲Brontispa longissima（Gestro）蛹的重要内寄生蜂，2004年从台湾引入到海南。在实验室条件下，对椰心叶甲啮小蜂的形态、行为、发育、存活、繁殖等生物学特性进行了观察研究。结果表明，雌蜂个体比雄蜂大，腹部明显可见产卵器。每头寄主蛹出蜂量平均为21.5头，其中雌蜂约占77.4%。椰心叶甲啮小蜂羽化不久即能交配，交配时间约为1～2 min。椰心叶甲啮小蜂的产卵高峰期在交配后的24 h内，且产卵量受温度的影响较大； 蜂蜜、蔗糖、葡萄糖均能有效地延长其成虫的寿命，并能提高其怀卵量和寄生率，其中以取食蜂蜜的效果最好。该蜂发育、存活和繁殖的适宜温度为20℃～28℃，低于16℃或高于30℃对其存活不利。利用16℃、20℃、24℃、28℃、30℃下的发育历期和有效积温公式计算出椰心叶甲啮小蜂的发育起点温度（C）为9.6℃，有效积温（K）为324.9日·度。

Biological characteristics of Tetrastichus brontispae Ferrière (Hymenoptera:Eulophidae), a parasitoid of Brontispa longissima (Gestro)( Coleoptera:Hispidae)

Tetrastichus brontispae Ferrière, an important endoparasitoid of the coconut leaf beetle Brontispa longissima （Gestro） at pupal stage, was introduced into Hainan from Taiwan in 2004 Morphology, behavior, development, survival and reproduction of the parasitoid were studied under laboratory conditions. The results showed that T. brontispae female was bigger than male in body size, with obvious ovipositor. The number of parasitoid emerged from each host was averaged 21.5 with 77.4% females. The wasps could mate soon after emerging, and the mating behavior last 1-2 min. The peak of oviposition occurred 24 h after mating, and the temperature could affect the oviposition in the wasp. Sweet resources such as honey, sucrose, and glucose, especially honey, could prolong the longevity of adults, increase the fecundity and parasitism of females effectively. Laboratory experiments showed that the optimal temperature for development, survival, and reproduction of the parasitoid ranged from 20℃ to 28℃, and the temperatures below 16℃ or above 30℃ were unfavorable for its survival. The developmental threshold and the effective accumulated temperature of T. brontispae were 9.6℃ and 324.9 day degrees, respectively.