西花蓟马田间种群对常用杀虫剂的抗性现状及防治对策

【目的】西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis在中国是一种严重危害温室蔬菜的入侵害虫。本研究旨在了解该害虫在中国的抗药性现状，为防治该害虫提供理论支持。【方法】采用Munger cell法测定了北京，山东寿光和青岛以及云南晋宁和呈贡等5个地区西花蓟马田间种群对多杀菌素、毒死蜱、阿维菌素、甲维盐、氟氯氰菊酯、溴虫腈、灭多威、吡虫啉和啶虫脒9种杀虫剂的抗药性水平，同时利用这些田间种群测定了多功能氧化酶抑制剂胡椒基丁醚（PBO）、谷胱甘肽S 转移酶抑制剂顺丁烯二酸二乙酯（DEM）和羧酸酯酶抑制剂三丁基三硫磷酸酯（DEF）对多杀菌素、吡虫啉和甲维盐的增效作用。【结果】生物测定结果表明，北京、晋宁及呈贡种群分别对多杀菌素产生了34.45， 47.45和64.45倍的高水平抗性；晋宁种群对灭多威和甲维盐分别产生了16.58和11.03倍的中等水平抗性；呈贡种群对甲维盐、啶虫脒、吡虫啉、阿维菌素、溴虫腈分别产生了24.17， 21.69， 20.05， 16.45和10.31的中等水平抗性；青岛种群对啶虫脒和吡虫啉产生了17.70和12.49倍的中等水平抗性；寿光种群没有对任何杀虫剂产生高等或中等水平抗性。增效剂生物测定结果表明，对于吡虫啉和甲维盐，多功能氧化酶抑制剂PBO在所有田间种群上均有显著的增效作用。谷胱甘肽S-转移酶抑制剂DEM在呈贡、寿光和青岛种群中对吡虫啉存在显著增效作用；在北京、呈贡和寿光种群中，DEM对甲维盐存在显著增效作用。羧酸酯酶抑制剂DEF在呈贡、晋宁和青岛种群中对吡虫啉存在显著增效作用；在北京、呈贡和晋宁种群中，DEF对吡虫啉存在显著增效作用。但所有增效剂在各田间种群中对多杀菌素均无显著增效作用。【结论】结果提示：在使用多杀菌素防治西花蓟马时，应与其他杀虫剂轮换使用；此外，可通过添加酶抑制剂来增强甲维盐和吡虫啉对西花蓟马的防效。

Insecticide resistance status of field populations of Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in China and its control strategies

【Aim】 The western flower thrips , Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), is a kind of invasive pest which damages greenhouse vegetables seriously in China. Our study aimed to evaluate the insecticide resistance level and offer the theoretical basis for controlling this pest. 【Methods】 Insecticide resistance in field populations of five localities (Beijing, BJ; Shouguang, Shandong, SG; Qingdao, Shandong, QD; Jinning, Yunnan, JN; Chenggong, Yunnan, CG) of F. occidentalis to 9 insecticides (spinosad, chlorpyrifos, abamectin, emamectin benzoate, cyhalothrin, chlorfenapyr, methomyl, imidacloprid and acetamiprid) from China were determined by Munger cell bioassays. The synergisms of mixed-functional oxidase inhibitor piperonyl butoxide (PBO), glutathione S-transferase inhibitor diethyl maleate (DEM) and carboxylesterase inhibitor S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF) with spinosad, imidacloprid and emamectin benzoate were determined by the same bioassay method with these field populations. 【Results】 The bioassay results showed that there was a significant high-level resistance to spinosad in BJ, JN and CG populations of F. occidentalis (34.45, 47.45, and 64.45 times, respectively).The JN population revealed a medium-level resistance to methomyl and emamectin benzoate (16.58 and 11.03 times, respectively). The CG population also had a medium-level resistance to most insecticides including emamectin benzoate, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, abamectin, and chlorfenapyr (24.17, 21.69, 20.05, 16.45, and 10.31 times, respectively). Similarly, a medium-level resistance to acetamiprid and imidacloprid was found in the QD population (17.70 and 12.49 times, respectively). However, the SG population had no resistance to any of the insecticides. The results of synergism bioassay showed that significant synergisms of PBO with imidacloprid and emamectin benzoate were found in all field populations. There were synergism of DEM with imidacloprid in CG, SG and QD populations and with emamectin benzoate in BJ, CG and SG populations. Furthermore, we found synergism of DEF with imidacloprid in CG, JN and QD populations and with emamectin benzoate in BJ, CG and JN populations. However, PBO, DEM and DEF showed no significant synergism with spinosad in the all field populations. 【Conclusion】 These results suggest that spinosad and other insecticides should be used alternately to exterminate field populations of F. occidentalis, and adding enzyme inhibitors to emamectin benzoate and imidacloprid can enhance the effect on controlling this pest.