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温度对桃蚜和马铃薯长管蚜实验种群生命表参数的影响
引用本文:周晓榕,卜庆国,庞保平.温度对桃蚜和马铃薯长管蚜实验种群生命表参数的影响[J].昆虫学报,2014,57(7):837-843.
作者姓名:周晓榕  卜庆国  庞保平
作者单位:(内蒙古农业大学农学院, 呼和浩特 010019)
摘    要:【目的】桃蚜Myzus persicae (Sulzer)和马铃薯长管蚜Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas)是2种主要的马铃薯害虫。本研究旨在明确温度对这两种马铃薯蚜虫生长发育、存活、繁殖及种群增长的影响。【方法】在室内测定了5个温度(10, 15, 20, 25和30℃)下桃蚜和马铃薯长管蚜的生长发育、存活和繁殖指标,并组建了4个恒温条件下(10,15,20和25℃)的实验种群生命表。【结果】在10~25℃范围内,2种蚜虫的若蚜期、世代历期、成蚜寿命和产蚜期等均随温度的升高而缩短,而30℃高温抑制了其发育、存活和繁殖。2种蚜虫的平均世代历期(T)随温度的升高而缩短,桃蚜和马铃薯长管蚜分别从10℃的30.08 d和35.35 d缩短至25℃的14.28 d和12.95 d。桃蚜的净增殖率(R0)在15℃时最高(86.00),其次为20℃(73.75),再次为25℃(62.49),最低为10℃(51.00);马铃薯长管蚜的R0在15℃最高(58.97),其次为10℃(51.98),再次为20℃(48.94),最低为25℃(12.36)。桃蚜的内禀增长率(rm)随温度的升高而增大,从最小10℃的0.1307增大到25℃的0.2896;马铃薯长管蚜的rm在20℃时最大(0.2182),其次为25℃(0.1942),再次为15℃(0.1485),最小为10℃(0.1118)。在相同的温度下,桃蚜的发育速率、净增殖率和内禀增长率均高于马铃薯长管蚜。【结论】温度对2种马铃薯蚜虫的生长发育、存活、繁殖及种群增长有显著的影响,桃蚜在马铃薯上的种群增长能力强于马铃薯长管蚜。这一结果为马铃薯蚜虫预测模型的建立奠定了必要的基础,并解释了桃蚜在马铃薯上发生数量多于马铃薯长管蚜的原因。

关 键 词:桃蚜  马铃薯长管蚜  马铃薯  温度  存活曲线  生命表  

Effects of temperature on life table parameters of the laboratory populations of Myzus persicae and Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
ZHOU Xiao-Rong,BU Qing-Guo,PANG Bao-Ping.Effects of temperature on life table parameters of the laboratory populations of Myzus persicae and Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Hemiptera: Aphididae)[J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,2014,57(7):837-843.
Authors:ZHOU Xiao-Rong  BU Qing-Guo  PANG Bao-Ping
Institution: (College of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China)
Abstract:【Aim】 The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), and the potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) are two main potato pests. Our study aims to investigate the effects of temperature on the growth and development, survivorship, reproduction and population growth of the two pests.【Methods】 We determined the indexes of the growth and development, survivorship and reproduction of M. persicae and M. euphorbiae at five temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30℃) in the laboratory, and constructed the life tables of their laboratory populations at four constant temperatures (10, 15, 20 and 25℃). 【Results】 The developmental periods of immature stages, generation duration, adult longevity and reproduction period decreased as the temperature increased from 10℃ to 25℃, and the development, survivorship and reproduction were restrained at 30℃. The mean generation time (T) decreased with the temperature increasing, and those of M. persicae and M. euphorbiae shortened from 30.08 and 35.35 d at 10℃ to 14.28 and 12.95 d at 25℃, respectively. The net reproduction rate (R0) of M. persicae was the highest at 15℃ with the value of 86.00, followed by 73.75 at 20℃, 62.49 at 25℃ and 51.00 at 10℃, while that of M. euphorbiae was the highest at 15℃ with the value of 58.97, followed by 51.98 at 10℃, 48.96 at 20℃ and 12.36 at 25℃. The intrinsic rate of increase (rm) of M. persicae increased from 0.1307 at 10℃ to 0.2896 at 25℃, while that of M. euphorbiae was the highest at 20℃ with the value of 0.2182, followed by 0.1942 at 25℃, 0.1485 at 15℃ and 0.1118 at 10℃. The developmental rates, R0 and rm of M. persicae were higher than those of M. euphorbiae at the same temperature. 【Conclusion】 These results indicate that temperature significantly affects the growth and development, survivorship, reproduction and population increase of these two potato aphid species, and M. persicae has a stronger growth ability than M. euphorbiae on potatoes. This study provides the foundation for the construction of forecasting models of potato aphids and explains why M. persicae occurs more frequently than M. euphorbiae in potato fields from an ecological view.
Keywords:    " target="_blank">Myzus persicae')" href="#">   Myzus persicae  Macrosiphum euphorbiae" target="_blank">Macrosiphum euphorbiae')" href="#">Macrosiphum euphorbiae  potato  temperature  survival curve  life table
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