拟环纹豹蛛的生物生态学研究

运用田间观察和室内外饲养相结合的方法，对稻田蜘蛛优势种拟环纹豹蛛Pardosa pseudoannulata的生物生态学特性进行了研究。拟环纹豹蛛在湘西北1年发生2～3代，第3代不完整，以第2代历期最短，第3代（越冬代）历期最长；以成蛛、亚成蛛或幼蛛越冬，其分布图式为聚集分布；4月下旬即由田埂向稻田内迁移，在水稻生育期有3次数量高峰； 属游猎型蜘蛛，可步行在水稻、水面、陆地等处捕食飞虱、叶蝉等多种目标害虫； 受惊时潜入水中或潜伏。雌雄蛛均可多次交配，雌蛛一生最多可产卵5次，实验种群卵囊含卵量76～337粒，平均156粒。孵化的幼蛛，先群集在雌蛛背面，3～5天后开始扩散，6～7天扩散到高峰。幼蛛期47～158天；成蛛期121～236天，雌蛛较雄蛛长21～62天。性比除第2代外的各代均为雄性多于雌性。本文详细记述了拟环纹豹蛛的求偶与交配行为，产卵与护卵习性，孵化与携幼行为，幼蛛生长、蜕皮、各龄期形态特征及耐饥、耐旱能力等。

Bionomics and behavior of the wolf spider,Pardosa pseudoannulata (Araneae: Lycosidae)

Bionomics and behavior of the wolf spider,Pardosa pseudoannulata were studied through field and laboratory observation.In the experiment,as expected,the spider overwintered with spiderlings,sub-adults and adults,and their distribution pattern belongs to aggregation.It had 2-3 generations each year in the Northwestern Hunan province.The duration of the 3rd generation was the longest,and that of the 2nd generation was the shortest.The spiders began to move into the rice field from the farmland in the last ten-day of April.There were three oviposition peaks in the rice field.Usually,the wolf spider is a wanderer and it can also step or jump on the crop,land on the ground and water surface,and even move under water when frightened.Female and male mated several times one year,and one female could lay 5 egg-sacs at the most,and one egg-sac had 156 eggs on average in the experimental population.Females usually had a strong ability to protect their egg-sacs by carrying them in front of thorax when encountering an attacker.As expected,the hatched spiderlings made their way safely to the mother's back in aggregation mode.Three to five days later,they began to leave their mother and dispersed.The peak of dispersion occurred after six to seven days,and they had the capability to attack prey.The spiderling stage was 47-158 d.The adult period was 121-236 d.But the average survival duration of adult female was 21-62 d longer than that of adult male.The sex ratios of female to male were less than one in all generations except the second one.The courtship and mating behaviors of the adult spiders and characteristics of the spiderlings and sub-adult spiders were described in detail in this paper.Its starvation tolerance was stronger than its drought tolerance in the laboratory.