海南岛中华蜜蜂遗传多样性的微卫星DNA分析

为了解海南岛中华蜜蜂Apis cerana cerana的遗传多样性和遗传结构及其与大陆种群的关系， 本研究应用10个微卫星DNA标记对海南岛11个地点627个蜂群的627头工蜂样本和大陆2个地点102个蜂群的102头工蜂样本进行了分析。结果表明： 海南岛中华蜜蜂遗传多样性较高， 单个位点检测到等位基因5～17个； 各种群平均等位基因数为4.5～7.0个， 平均杂合度为0.59～0.65。海南岛中华蜜蜂在10个位点上表现出相似遗传结构， 文昌和屯昌种群在AT101位点的等位基因频率较特殊。岛内 岛外中华蜜蜂的遗传分化系数F_ST范围为0.06～0.13； 文昌、 屯昌种群分别同海南岛内其他9个种群的F_ST（0.06～0.12）大于这9个种群间的FST（0～0.05）。海南岛中华蜜蜂同邻近大陆种群发生了明显的遗传分化； 除文昌、 屯昌种群发生中等程度的分化外， 海南岛内其他种群之间遗传分化较小。本研究结果对海南岛中华蜜蜂资源的保护和合理利用具有重要的指导意义。

Microsatellite DNA analysis of genetic diversity of Apis cerana cerana in Hainan Island, southern China

To assess the genetic diversity and genetic structure of Apis cerana cerana populations in Hainan Island, southern China and their relationship with the mainland populations, 627 individual workers from 627 colonies in 11 localities of Hainan Island and 102 individuals from 102 colonies in two localities of mainland China were genotyped using 10 microsatellite DNA loci. The results showed a high level of allelic diversity with 5-17 alleles across all the loci and an average of 4.5-7.0 alleles per locus across Hainan Island populations. The mean expected heterozygosity (He) values across all samples ranged from 0.59 to 0.65. The populations from Hainan Island showed similar allelic structure pattern at ten loci, but Wenchang and Tunchang populations shared a unique allelic pattern at AT101. The F_ST between Hainan Island populations and adjacent mainland ones ranged from 0.06 to 0.13. The F_ST of Wenchang and Tunchang compared to other nine island populations ranged from 0.06 to 0.12, which was larger than that between the nine island populations (FST=0-0.05). The results showed Hainan Island A. c. cerana populations diverged from the neighboring mainland ones. Both Wenchang and Tunchang populations showed a higher level of differentiation from other nine island populations among which slight differentiation occurred. This study provides a theoretical support for efficiently preserving Hainan indigenous A. c. cerana as a genetic resource for future utilization.