弗里熊蜂蜜罐中糖液成分分析

【目的】熊蜂是众多植物的重要传粉昆虫，以采集并贮藏花蜜和花粉为主要食物。本研究旨在探究熊蜂的营养需求及明确其对采集的食物是否存在酿制过程。【方法】利用白砂糖溶液(糖浓度50%)饲喂弗里熊蜂Bombus friseanus蜂群，收集并检测其贮藏在蜜罐中1~7 d的糖液，作为处理组样品；同时将上述白砂糖溶液置于灭菌离心管中，排除熊蜂取食，作为对照组样品，测定贮藏期间处理组和对照组糖液的pH值、糖浓度、糖组分及α-淀粉酶和转化酶活性。【结果】弗里熊蜂B. friseanus贮藏在蜜中1~7d的糖液pH值平均为3.74±0.13，显著低于对照组(6.55±0.15)；糖浓度与贮藏时间显著正相关，贮藏6d后糖浓度显著高于贮藏1~3 d时的；糖液组分更加丰富，除蔗糖外利用HPLC还检出果糖、葡萄糖、麦芽糖和海藻糖，贮藏4~5 d的糖液中己糖含量极显著高于贮藏1~3 d和6~7 d时的，己糖和麦芽糖含量分别与蔗糖含量极显著负相关，总糖中果糖和麦芽糖含量与贮藏时间极显著负相关，葡萄糖、蔗糖和海藻糖的含量分别与贮藏时间极显著正相关。贮藏6 d的糖液中α-淀粉酶活性显著高于其他时间，其他贮藏时间样品间α-淀粉酶活性差异不显著，而所有样本的转化酶活性在21.17~38.05 U/g FW之间，随贮藏时间的延长差异不显著。【结论】弗里熊蜂B. friseanus采集人工饲喂的糖溶液贮藏在蜜罐中，经其加工后发生了物理和生物化学变化，揭示熊蜂存在酿蜜能力。本研究的结果为熊蜂生物学及繁育研究提供了参考。

Component analysis of the sugar solution stored in wax cells byBombus friseanus(Hymenoptera: Apidae)

【Aim】 Bumblebees are important pollinators of many plants. They forage andstore floral nectar and pollen as their primary food. This study aims to explore thenutritional requirements of bumblebees and to determine whether they can make sugarsolution into honey in the process of feeding food provided by breeders. 【Methods】 B.friseanus populations were fed with the artificial sugar solution of commercial granulatedsugar (the sugar concentration 50%), and the sugar solutions were collected from cappingcells which had been stored by B. friseanus for 1-7 d as the treatment group samples.Meanwhile, the artificial sugar solutions were placed in sterile centrifuge tubes whichbumblebees could not access and used as the control group samples. The pH value, sugarconcentration and components, and α-amylase and invertase activities in the treatment andcontrol groups were detected over the storage period. 【Results】 The mean pH value ofsugar solution stored in wax cells by B. friseanus for 1-7 d was 3.74±0.13, significantlylower than that in the control group (6.55±0.15). There was a significantly positivecorrelation between the sugar concentration and storage time of sugar solution stored by B.friseanus. The average sugar concentration in the sugar solution stored in wax cells for 6d was significantly higher than that stored for 1-3 d. Components of carbohydrates in thesugar solution stored in wax cells by B. friseanus became richer, and sucrose, fructose,glucose, maltose, and trehalose were detected by HPLC analysis. The hexose contents in thesugar solution stored in wax cells for 4-5 d were extremely significantly higher than thosestored for 1-3 d and 6-7 d. The hexose content and the maltose content showed highlysignificantly negative correlation with the sucrose content, respectively. There was anextremely significantly negative correlation between the content of fructose or maltose inthe total sugar and the storage time of sugar solution stored by B. friseanus. However,there was an extremely significantly positive correlation between the contents of glucose,sucrose and trehalose and the storage time of sugar solution stored in wax cells,respectively. The α-amylase activity in the sugar solution stored in wax wells for 6 dwas significantly higher than those in samples stored for the other storage time, and therewas no significant difference in the α-amylase activity in sugar solution in wax wellsamong the other storage time. The invertase activity in all samples in wax cells variedfrom 21.17 to 38.05 U/g FW, and showed no significant difference during the storage period.【Conclusion】 The data proved that bumblebees B. friseanus forage and store artificialsugar solution in wax cells. The sugar solution undergoes physical and biochemical changesafter processing by B. friseanus, revealing the honey making ability of bumblebees. Theresults of this study provide a scientific basis for researching bumblebee biology andbreeding.