美洲斑潜蝇寄生峰——黄腹潜蝇茧蜂成虫的生物学特性

黄腹潜蝇茧蜂Opius caricivorae Fischer是美洲斑潜蝇Liriomyza sativae Blandchard幼虫 蛹期的一种重要内寄生蜂。在实验室条件下，用菜豆Phaseolus vulgaris L.上的美洲斑潜蝇作为寄主，对其成蜂的生物学特性做了初步研究。成虫主要在白天羽化，羽化高峰期在8:00～10:00，且多数（91%）当日交尾，羽化出的成蜂性比明显偏雌性（雌∶雄=1.51∶1）。在17℃～33℃温度下，提供蜂蜜液时，黄腹潜蝇茧蜂雌蜂和雄峰的寿命随着温度的升高而缩短，雌蜂的寿命明显长于雄峰的寿命，分别从17℃时81天和47天降到33℃时的14天和13天。雌蜂羽化后1～2天即可产卵，在21℃～29℃温度下，产卵高峰期在2～7日龄，平均产卵量随温度变化的方程为=-0.057x^{2+2.728x-20.601（r2=0.934）。而且成蜂取食能够致死寄主。另外，本文对雌蜂的寄主搜索、产卵和寄主取食行为做了详细描述。}

Biological characteristics of adult Opius caricivorae Fischer, a parasitoid of Liriomyza sativae Blandchard

Opius caricivorae Fischer is a major laval pupal endoparasitoid of Liriomyza sativae Blandchard. The adult biology of this parasitoid was investigated under laboratory conditions using L. sativae on the bean Phaseolus vulgaris L.as the host. The adults emerged by daylight, with the peak emergence at 8:00-10:00, and 91% of them mated on the day of emergence. Femalebiased adult sex ratio were found in laboratory populations (♀∶♂=1.51∶1). Longevity of both female and male adults decreased with the increase of temperatures from 17℃ to 33℃ when honey bee solution was provided. Mean longevity of females was longer (81 d at 17℃ and 14 d at 33℃) than that of males (47 d at 17℃ and 13 d at 33℃). Female adults started oviposition on 1-2 d with the peak occurring on 2-7 d after emergence at temperatures from 21℃ to 29℃.The relationship between average fecundity and temperature could be fitted to the equation　=-0.057x^{2+2.728x- 20.601 (r2=0.934). The females were able to kill hosts by stings. Feeding,oviposition and ost-searching behaviors of the parasitoids are also described.}