温、湿度对美洲斑潜蝇发育、存活及食量的影响

以花斑芸豆Phaseolus vulgaris为食料植物，在不同温、湿度组合下，观测了美洲斑潜蝇Liriomyza sativae的发育、存活及取食特征。结果表明，卵、幼虫和蛹期的发育速率与温度的关系均呈S型曲线。发育起点温度为：卵，8.9℃；幼虫, 10.1℃；蛹，9.6℃；整个未成熟期，9.5℃。有效积温为：卵，57.7日·度；幼虫，53.9日·度；蛹，151.9日·度；整个未成熟期，264.2日·度。湿度对发育速率的影响不明显。温度对存活的影响较大，当温度>34℃或<19℃时，各虫态的存活率都显著降低。湿度对存活率的影响主要发生在蛹期，当湿度低于50%时，蛹的羽化率显著降低。在高温、低湿的条件下，蛹不能羽化。在相对低温下的累计取食面积大于高温时的相应值，在25℃时达到1.6 cm²，而在28℃及以上温度时取食面积只有0.9 cm²左右。

Effects of temperature and relative humidity on development, survivorship and food intake of Liriomyza sativae

Using the string bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, as the food plant, the effects of temperature and relative humidity (RH) on development, survivorship and food intake of the vegetable leafminer, Liriomyza sativae Blanchard, were studied. The results indicated a relationship of logistic curves between the developmental rate and the temperatures tested. The lower temperature threshold for development of the egg, larva, pupa and immature stage was estimated at 8.9℃, 10.1℃, 9.6℃ and 9.5℃ respectively, and the corresponding effective accumulated degree-day required for these stages were 57.7 DD, 53.9 DD, 151.9 DD and 264.2 DD. Effect of RH on development was little. When the temperature was >34℃ or <19℃, the survival rate of each stage decreased. The humidity mainly affected the survival of pupae. In RH<50%, the adult emergence rate declined obviously. Under conditions of higher temperature and lower humidity, pupae could not survive. The area of leave mined by the larvae at lower temperature was greater than at higher temperature, and the area was about 1.6 cm² at 25℃, while it was about 0.9 cm² at 28～34℃