桉树精油及其活性物质对干鱼害虫白腹皮蠹的熏蒸毒性

为了评估桉树精油和α-蒎烯对白腹皮蠹Dermestes maculatus Degeer的杀虫作用，采用生测方法测定了不同剂量和不同处理时间下，其幼虫和成虫的死亡率。结果表明:用桉树精油及其活性成分α-蒎烯处理白腹皮蠹成虫和幼虫后，可显著影响其死亡率（P＜0.001）。白腹皮蠹的反应因化学物种类、剂量和暴露时间不同而异。当剂量为32 μL/cm³的桉树精油处理白腹皮蠹幼虫72 h后，死亡率可超过90%。同样的剂量对其成虫熏蒸72 h后也表现高毒。在相同的剂量和相同的暴露时间下，α-蒎烯对白腹皮蠹的成虫和幼虫也表现高毒，且成虫的抗性比幼虫强。Probit检验结果表明桉树精油比α-蒎烯更有效。以上结果说明这些天然产物对白腹皮蠹种群的控制是很有用的。

Fumigation toxicity of eucalyptus oil and its active compound against dried fish pest, Dermestes maculatus Degeer (Coleoptera. Dermestidae)

To assess the insecticidal activity of eucalyptus oil and α-pinene against dried fish pest Dermestes maculates. Mortalities of its larvae and adults under different doses or treatment time were investigated by bioassay method. The results showed that the tested oil and its active ingredient (α-pinene) affected significantly (P <0. 001 ) on the mortality of both the larvae and adults of D. maculatus. Responses varied with compound, dose and exposure time. Over 90% mortality at 72 h after treatment was achieved with the eucalyptus oil against larvae at a dose of 32 μL/cm3. Eucalyptus oil at 32 μL/cm3, were highly toxic to adults of D. maculatus 72 h after treatment, α-Pinene also showed highly toxic effects on both larvae and adults of the beetles at the same exposure time and doses. It is also interesting to mention that the adults of D. maculatus were found to be more tolerant than larvae. In probit test eucalyptus oil was much more effective than α-pinene. These naturally occurring materials could be useful for managing populations of D. maculatus.