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烟粉虱两种寄生蜂生物学特性及寄主竞争关系研究
引用本文:李元喜,罗晨,周长青,周淑香,张帆.烟粉虱两种寄生蜂生物学特性及寄主竞争关系研究[J].昆虫学报,2008,51(7):738-744.
作者姓名:李元喜  罗晨  周长青  周淑香  张帆
作者单位:1. 南京农业大学农业部病虫监测与治理重点开放实验室,南京,210095
2. 北京市农林科学院植物保护环境保护研究所,北京,100089
基金项目:国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划),国家科技支撑计划 
摘    要:室内比较了寄生烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci的两种寄生蜂——丽蚜小蜂Encarsia formosa和浅黄恩蚜小蜂En. sophia的生物学特性,并研究了以烟粉虱为寄主时两种寄生蜂间的竞争关系。结果表明:两者的后足胫节长度间无显著差异。浅黄恩蚜小蜂的产卵器及卵均长于丽蚜小蜂的,但浅黄恩蚜小蜂的待产卵量显著少于丽蚜小蜂。浅黄恩蚜小蜂检测寄主所花时间短于丽蚜小蜂,但检查圈数显著多于丽蚜小蜂,产卵时间以丽蚜小蜂所花时间为多。以4龄初期的烟粉虱为寄主时,丽蚜小蜂的卵期为48 h,而浅黄恩蚜小蜂24 h即完成卵期的发育。后者的蛹历期也显著短于丽蚜小蜂的蛹历期。丽蚜小蜂由卵到成虫的总发育历期比浅黄恩蚜小蜂的要长72 h左右。一头丽蚜小蜂与一头浅黄恩蚜小蜂组合后的总产卵量为14.0粒,略高于两头丽蚜小蜂组合的总产卵量(10.2粒),显著高于两头浅黄恩蚜小蜂组合的产卵量(9.5粒);两种蜂组合的处理中被寄生寄主体内的着卵量为1.73粒,显著高于单独一种蜂组合中被寄生寄主的着卵量,后两者分别为1.29和1.39粒。在寄主竞争情况下,在被两种蜂均寄生的寄主体内丽蚜小蜂和浅黄恩蚜小蜂产入的卵量分别为1.21和1.43粒,显著高于仅被一种蜂寄生的寄主体内的对应蜂种的卵量,后者分别为1.06和1.19粒。结果提示两种蜂均能识别对方的存在,且浅黄恩蚜小蜂表现出更强的竞争能力。

关 键 词:烟粉虱  丽蚜小蜂  浅黄蚜小蜂  生物学  寄主竞争  

Bionomics and host competition of two parasitoids on Bemisia tabaci
LI Yuan-Xi,LUO Chen,ZHOU Chang-Qiag,ZHOU Shu-Xiang,ZHANG Fan.Bionomics and host competition of two parasitoids on Bemisia tabaci[J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,2008,51(7):738-744.
Authors:LI Yuan-Xi  LUO Chen  ZHOU Chang-Qiag  ZHOU Shu-Xiang  ZHANG Fan
Abstract:The bionomics of two parasitoids Encarsia formosa and En.sophia on Bemisia tabaci and host competition between the two parasitoids were investigated in the laboratory.The results indicated that there were no significant differences in length of hind leg tibia between two parasitoids.The ovipositor and egg size of En.sophia were longer than those of En.formosa,and eggs ready to be laid by one-day old female wasp of En.sophia was less than those of En.formosa.The time taken by En.sophia in both host checking and ovipositing were significantly shorter than that of En.formosa,whereas the rounds turned during host checking by a wasp of En.sophia were less than those by a wasp of En.formosa.The developmental time of En.sophia egg was about 24 h,which was significantly shorter than that of En.formosa egg.The pupal duration of En.sophia was also significantly shorter than that of En.formosa.The developmental time from egg to adult for En.sophia was about 72 h shorter than that for En.formosa.In 24 h,the total oviposition in combination treatment of one En.formosa and one En.sophia was 14.0 eggs,which is more than that in combination treatment of two En.formosa(10.2 eggs)and significantly more than that in combination treatment of two En.sophia female wasps(9.5 eggs).The mean number of eggs loaded in parasitized host in combination treatment of two wasp species(1.73 eggs)was significantly higher than that in combination treatment of females from one wasp species,which were 1.29 and 1.39 eggs for En.formosa and En.sophia,respectively.In combination treatment of two wasp species,the numbers of eggs laid in host parasitized by two wasp species were 1.21 and 1.43 for En.formosa and En.sophia,respectively,and were significantly more than those in the hosts parasitized by only one wasp species,which were 1.06 and 1.19 for En.formosa and En.sophia,respectively.The results suggest that female wasps of both En.sophia and En.formosa can recognize the existence of another species,and En.sophia has higher competence than En.formosa.
Keywords:Bemisia tabaci  Encarsia formosa  Encarsia sophia  bionomics  host competition
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