茧蜂滞育的研究进展

滞育现象在多种茧蜂类天敌昆虫中存在, 通过调控茧蜂滞育, 可达到延长产品货架期、延长防控作用时间、提高产品的抗逆性和繁殖力的目标, 对茧蜂的扩繁和应用具有重要意义。本文通过总结1910年以来的2 545篇国内外滞育文献, 统计得出有明确滞育诱导或滞育解除报道的茧蜂有37种, 分属7亚科16属, 其中对滞育特征有详细描述的有23种。茧蜂大多以预蛹进入滞育, 其次为幼虫滞育, 少数为成虫滞育, 其滞育敏感阶段因种不同而异。滞育持续期相对较长, 大多可维持数月, 最长的可达14个月。光周期、温度和寄主是影响茧蜂滞育的主要因子, 湿度、亲代和寄主植物也可在一定程度上影响滞育进程。目前, 茧蜂滞育的研究仅限于生物学观察阶段, 对茧蜂滞育的生理学特征、激素调控和分子调控等尚未有研究报道, 有许多问题有待进一步探讨。

Research advances in diapause in braconids

Diapause is widespread in a variety of braconids, which are natural enemies for many pest insects. By regulating diapause of braconids, the following objectives can be achieved: increasing the shelf-life of braconid wasps, prolonging the time of prevention and control, and improving the braconids’ resistance ability and fecundity. These are important for production and application of braconids. This review summarized 2 545 literatures of diapause in the world since 1910. In total 37 species in Braconidae, belonging to 16 genera and 7 subfamilies, were reported for their clear diapause induction or diapause termination. Among them, the diapause characteristics of 23 species were described in detail. Majority of braconids diapaused in prepupae, followed by larval diapause, a small number of the braconids diapaused in adult. The diapause sensitive period varies in different species. Braconids have relatively long diapause duration, because most of them can be maintained for several months, and the longest one is up to 14 months. Photoperiod, temperature and host are major factors affecting the diapause of braconids. To some extent, humidity, parents and host plants can also affect the diapause process of braconids. Currently, the research of diapause in braconids is limited to biological observation, the physiological characteristics, hormone regulation, molecular regulation, etc. have not yet been studied, so there are many issues to be further explored.