海切叶蜂的筑巢和访花行为

【目的】研究毛乌素沙地重要野生传粉昆虫海切叶蜂Megachile maritima的筑巢和访花行为对保护其栖息环境具有重要意义。【方法】采用目测及拍照等方法对海切叶蜂的整个筑巢过程进行了连续观测；以2 m×2 m 样方的方式观测海切叶蜂的访花频率、单花停留时间及日活动规律等访花行为，其中日活动规律每天连续观测，共观测7天。【结果】海切叶蜂在沙土中筑巢，每巢只有一个巢室，其筑巢过程为：寻找合适的筑巢地点，挖巢，构建巢室，采集蜂粮，产卵，封住巢室，筑完一个巢。它连续筑完一个巢大约需要9 h。海切叶蜂构建一个巢室需要切取26～29片叶子，为每巢室采集蜂粮11～12次，每巢室内产卵1粒；在塔落岩黄芪和细叶益母草上的平均访花频率分别为（13.23±6.49）朵/min和（16.72±4.84）朵/min，平均单花停留时间分别为（3.08±2.48）s和（2.49±1.31）s。晴天，海切叶蜂在12:00～14:00期间活动较活跃。【结论】海切叶蜂不同个体之间的筑巢行为相似。该蜂在塔落岩黄芪和细叶益母草上的访花过程、访花频率及单花停留时间具有显著的差异。

Nesting and foraging behavior of Megachile maritima (Hymenoptera:Megachilidae)

It is significant to know the nesting and foraging behavior of wild bee-pollinator, Megachile maritima, which is one of the important pollinators in Mu Us sandland, for protecting its habitat. 【Methods】The whole nesting process of M. maritime was observed by visual observation and photographing; visiting frequency and duration of each visit on nectar plants were counted using stopwatch in 2 m × 2 m plots, and daily activities of M. maritime were observed in 2 m× 2 m plots incessantly from 7: 30 to 18: 30 for 7 days. 【Results】 M. maritime excavated nest in sand, with one cell per nest. At first, female of the bee searched for the nesting site, excavated nest burrow, and then constructed and provisioned cell, and finally oviposited and closed the cell. About 9 hours were needed for nesting one cell; 26-29 pieces of leaves were needed for constructing one cell. The bee executed 11-12 pollen and nectar trips for each cell. A single egg was laid on the surface of the provision. The frequencies on Hedysarum laeve and Leonurus sibiricus were 13.23±6.49 flowers per minute and 16.72±4.84 flowers per minute, respectively; and the duration of each visit on the two plants were (3.08±2.48)s and (2.49±1.31)s, respectively. M. maritima bees were more active during 12:00-14:00 on sunny days. 【Conclusions】 Nesting behavior of different individuals of M. maritima was very similar. There was a significant difference in visiting process, visiting frequency and duration of each visit on the two nectar plants.