小地老虎食诱剂糖醋酒液配方筛选及发酵增效作用

【目的】为筛选和规范诱集小地老虎Agrotis ipsilon成虫的最佳糖醋酒液配方及最佳发酵时间，确定发酵液中的挥发物成分。【方法】优选以单一纯物质糖、醋、酒和水进行混配的配方A, B, C和D, 其配比分别为蔗糖(g)∶乙酸(mL)∶无水乙醇(mL)∶纯水(mL)(m/v/v/v)=3∶1∶3∶80, 3∶1∶3∶160, 3∶1∶6∶80和1∶1∶3∶80及常见配方E［白糖(g)∶白醋(mL)∶白酒(mL)∶自来水(mL)= 6∶3∶1∶10(m/v/v/v)］，分别并采用Y型嗅觉仪及GC-MS测试和分析小地老虎成虫对发酵1~15 d后的糖醋酒液的趋性及发酵液中的挥发物成分。【结果】趋性试验结果表明，糖醋酒液B配方对小地老虎诱集效果显著优于A, C, D和E配方，C配方次之。小地老虎成虫对B和C这两种配方发酵8 d发酵液的选择反应率均显著高于对未发酵及发酵5 d和7 d外的其他发酵时间发酵液的选择反应率。挥发物成分组成分析结果显示，糖醋酒液B配方发酵8 d发酵液的挥发物共有41种化合物，主要包括17种烃类化合物、8种醛类化合物、2种酮类化合物、4种醇类化合物、5种酯类化合物和5种醚类化合物。而且发酵8 d的糖醋酒液B配方与其未发酵以及发酵4 d和发酵12 d的糖醋酒液B配方之间的挥发物成分差异较大。【结论】优选并明确单一物质糖、醋、酒和水进行混配的小地老虎食诱剂配方(3∶1∶3∶160, m/v/v/v)，其糖醋酒液通过发酵可以产生增效作用，最佳发酵时间为8 d。

Formulation screening of sugar-acetic acid-ethanol-water solutions as food attractant for the black cutworm,Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and enhancing their activity by fermentation

【Aim】 This study aims to screen the optimal formulation and fermentation duration of sugar-acetic acid-ethanol-water solutions used to trap Agrotis ipsilon adults and to identify active volatile components from fermentation solutions. 【Methods】 Sucrose, acetic acid, ethanol and purified water were mixed together in different ratios, i.e., 3∶1∶3∶80, 3∶1∶3∶160, 3∶1∶6∶80 and 1∶1∶3∶80 (m/v/v/v) as solutions A, B, C and D, respectively, and sugar, white vinegar, liquor and tap water were mixed in the ratio of 6∶3∶1∶10 (m/v/v/v) as the solution E (the commonly used formulation), the taxis of A. ipsilon adults to the fermented sugar-acetic acid-ethanol-water solutions was tested using Y-tube olfactometer, and the components of volatile compounds from the solutions fermented for 1-15 d were analyzed with GC-MS. 【Results】 The taxis test results showed that the solution B showed significantly higher attractiveness to A. ipsilon adults than the solutions A, C, D and E, and the solution C followed. The solutions B and C fermented for 8 d showed significantly higher attractiveness to A. ipsilon adults than the unfermented solution and the solutions B and C fermented for other duration except 5 d and 7 d. In total, 41 compounds including 17 diolefines, 8 aldehydes, 2 ketones, 4 alcohols, 5 esters and 5 ethers were identified in the solution B fermented for 8 d. Moreover, the volatile components of the solution B fermented for 8 d were significantly different from those of the unfermented solution and the solution B fermented for 4 d and 12 d. 【Conclusion】 In this study we screened the optimal formulation (3∶1∶3∶160, m/v/v/v) of single component sugar-acetic acid-ethanol-water solution used to trap A. ipsilon adults and proved that their activities can be enhanced by fermentation with the optimal fermentation duration of 8 d.