昆虫足的附着机制

昆虫卓越的爬行和附着能力来源于其精细的功能性黏附系统。根据形态结构的不同，昆虫的黏附系统可分为光滑型黏附垫和刚毛型黏附垫两种类型，二者在分泌液的支持下均能附着于几乎所有的光滑或粗糙的物体表面，而且这两种类型的黏附垫与界面的附着的形成均主要依赖于范德华力。本文综述了昆虫足的附着机制，包括光滑型和刚毛型两种黏附垫的结构和其形成附着的机理，以及黏附垫分泌液的功能、组成成分和释放机制，阐明了昆虫如何巧妙地解决稳定附着和快速脱附这一矛盾的问题,讨论了诸如界面的理化性质和环境湿度等环境因素对昆虫附着的影响，以期帮助人们深入地理解昆虫足的附着机制，并为其在仿生学等方面的应用提供理论依据。

Adhesion mechanisms of insect legs

The excellent crawling and attachment abilities of insects strongly depend on their attachment devices. As the attachment devices of insects are morphologically different, they can be divided into two major groups, either hairy or smooth. Both of them can contact with almost all known surfaces via adhesive fluid, irrespective of whether the surface is rough or smooth, and the contact between the two types of adhesive pads and the substrate is operated by van der Waals forces. In this article, we reviewed the progress in the adhesion mechanisms of insect legs including the structures of the hairy and smooth adhesive pads and their adhesion mechanisms, and the functions, compositions and releasing mechanisms of the adhesive pad secretion. We also illustrated how insects resolve the contradictions between firm attachment and rapid detachment movements of adhesive pads of their legs, and discussed the influence of environmental factors such as physicochemical properties of the contact substrate and environmental humidity on insect adhension, aiming to help deeply understand the adhesion mechanisms of insect legs and to provide theoretical basis for its application in bionics.